bims-chumac 2022-09-18 papers

Issue of 2022–09–18
three papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society

Front Psychol. 2022 ;13 937146

Assortative mate preferences for height across short-term and long-term relationship contexts in a cross-cultural sample.

Katarzyna Pisanski, Maydel Fernandez-Alonso, Nadir Díaz-Simón, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Adrian Sardinas, Robert Pellegrino, Nancy Estevez, Emanuel C Mora, Curtis R Luckett, David R Feinberg.

Height preferences reflecting positive assortative mating for height-wherein an individual's own height positively predicts the preferred height of their mate-have been observed in several distinct human populations and are thought to increase reproductive fitness. However, the extent to which assortative preferences for height differ strategically for short-term versus long-term relationship partners, as they do for numerous other indices of mate quality, remains unclear. We explore this possibility in a large representative sample of over 500 men and women aged 15-77 from Canada, Cuba, Norway and the United States. Participants' own heights were measured, and they indicated their height preferences for a long-term and short-term mate using graphic stimuli containing metric indices. Replicating the "male-taller norm," participants on average preferred taller-than-average male mates, and shorter-than-average female mates. Positive assortative preferences for height were observed across sexes and samples, however the strength of these height preferences varied with relationship context for men, and not for women. Taller men preferred relatively shorter women for short-term relationships than for long-term relationships, indicating stronger assortative preferences for height in a long-term context. These results provide preliminary evidence that, in addition to mate preferences for other physical traits related to mate quality such as masculinity in the body, face, and voice, assortative preferences for height do vary as a function of expected relationship length, but this was surprisingly only observed in preferences for female height.

Keywords: assortative mating; body size; cross-cultural; mate choice; mate preferences; relationship context; relationship length; sexual selection

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937146

Front Psychol. 2022 ;13 971988

Darwin's sexual selection hypothesis revisited: Musicality increases sexual attraction in both sexes.

Manuela M Marin, Ines Rathgeber.

A number of theories about the origins of musicality have incorporated biological and social perspectives. Darwin argued that musicality evolved by sexual selection, functioning as a courtship display in reproductive partner choice. Darwin did not regard musicality as a sexually dimorphic trait, paralleling evidence that both sexes produce and enjoy music. A novel research strand examines the effect of musicality on sexual attraction by acknowledging the importance of facial attractiveness. We previously demonstrated that music varying in emotional content increases the perceived attractiveness and dating desirability of opposite-sex faces only in females, compared to a silent control condition. Here, we built upon this approach by presenting the person depicted (target) as the performer of the music (prime), thus establishing a direct link. We hypothesized that musical priming would increase sexual attraction, with high-arousing music inducing the largest effect. Musical primes (25 s, piano solo music) varied in arousal and pleasantness, and targets were photos of other-sex faces of average attractiveness and with neutral expressions (2 s). Participants were 35 females and 23 males (heterosexual psychology students, single, and no hormonal contraception use) matched for musical background, mood, and liking for the music used in the experiment. After musical priming, females' ratings of attractiveness and dating desirability increased significantly. In males, only dating desirability was significantly increased by musical priming. No specific effects of music-induced pleasantness and arousal were observed. Our results, together with other recent empirical evidence, corroborate the sexual selection hypothesis for the evolution of human musicality.

Keywords: cross-modal priming; evolutionary musicology; face perception; mate choice; origins of music; romantic attraction; sexual selection

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.971988