bims-chumac 2023-03-19 papers

Issue of 2023–03–19
three papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society

Evol Psychol. 2023 Jan-Mar;21(1):21(1): 14747049231161075

Sperm Competition Risk: The Connections That Partner Attractiveness and Infidelity Risk Have with Mate Retention Behaviors and Semen-Displacing Behaviors.

Gavin Vance, Virgil Zeigler-Hill, Todd K Shackelford.

The present studies investigated the relationships between men's perceived risk of experiencing sperm competition (i.e., when the ejaculates of two or more men simultaneously occupy the reproductive tract of a single woman), and their use of strategies to detect, prevent, and correct their partner's sexual infidelity. We investigated these associations using self-reports provided by men (Study 1, n = 113), partner-reports provided by women (Study 2, n = 136), and dyadic reports (Study 3, n = 103 couples). The results of these studies indicated that the attractiveness of women was consistently associated with men's use of benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors (e.g., buying expensive gifts for one's partner, showing signs of physical affection) and semen-displacing behaviors (e.g., deeper copulatory thrusting, more thrusts during copulation), whereas the infidelity risk of women was often associated with men's use of cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors (e.g., threatening to end the relationship, monopolization of partner's free time). Discussion addresses the evolutionary implications of these results, including the possibility that men use both benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors and semen-displacing behaviors when they perceive their partner to be more attractive, ostensibly as a way to mitigate their risk of sperm competition. Discussion also explores the extent to which these results extend those of previous studies concerning sperm competition risk.

Keywords: evolutionary psychology; extrapair copulation; semen displacement; sexual psychology; sperm competition

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049231161075

Emerg Adulthood. 2023 Apr;11(2): 482-496

How Relationship Satisfaction and Negative Communication Trajectories Change in Emerging Adults' Dating Relationships: A Group-Based Dual Trajectory Analysis.

Stéphanie Jolin, Marie-France Lafontaine, Yvan Lussier, Audrey Brassard.

Early romantic relationships are salient to the development of healthy future relationships. Yet, little is known about the evolution of romantic relationships of emerging adults since most of the research has been conducted on married or well-established couples. The current study aims to examine how relationship satisfaction and negative communication evolve and are interrelated during emerging adulthood. Using age as a time metric, we conducted group-based dual trajectory modeling analyses on 1566 unmarried Canadian individuals (from 17 to 24 years old) in a relationship, who could either stay with the same partner or change partner over time. A four-group model for relationship satisfaction and a four-group model for negative communication were found. Dual analyses highlighted the high concordance between specific trajectories of both constructs. These findings demonstrate that relationship satisfaction and negative communication do not evolve in the same ways for everyone and provide useful insights to existing clinical interventions.

Keywords: dual trajectories; dyadic communication; emerging adulthood; longitudinal research; relationship satisfaction; romantic relationship

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968221128080

J World Fed Orthod. 2023 Mar 09. pii: S2212-4438(23)00017-6. [Epub ahead of print]

Evaluation of facial profile characteristics of aesthetically pleasing Iranian faces.

Saharnaz Esmaeili, Nazanin Malek Mohammadi, Sarvin Khosravani, Ladan Eslamian, Saeed Reza Motamedian.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the soft and hard tissue cephalometric indexes of facial profiles perceived as attractive.
METHODS: A total of 360 individuals (180 females and 180 males) with well-balanced faces and no history of orthodontic or cosmetic procedures were selected. Twenty-six raters (13 females and 13 males) rated the attractiveness of profile view photographs of the enrolled individuals. According to the total score, the rated top 10% of photographs were selected as attractive. Overall, 81 (40 soft tissue and 41 hard tissue) cephalometric measurements were made on traced cephalograms of the attractive faces. The obtained values were compared with orthodontic norms and attractive Whites using Bonferroni-corrected t tests. They were also analyzed regarding age and sex effects using a two-way ANOVA test.
RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the cephalometric measurements of attractive profiles and orthodontic norms. Among the most important parameters were greater H angle and basic upper lip thickness in attractive males, and greater facial convexity and smaller nose prominence in attractive females. Also, attractive male participants had greater soft tissue chin thickness and subnasale perpendicular to the upper lip compared with attractive females.
CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, males with a normal profile and thicker protruded upper lips were perceived as more attractive. Also, females with a slightly convex profile, deeper mentolabial sulcus, less prominent nose, and shorter maxilla and mandible were perceived as more attractive.

Keywords: Aesthetics; Attractiveness; Facial profile; Lateral cephalometric analysis; Photography

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.02.001