bims-exocan 2023-05-21 papers

Issue of 2023–05–21
six papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 03. pii: 8166. [Epub ahead of print]24(9):

Understanding of Ovarian Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome Tropism for Future Therapeutic Applications.

Xiaoyu Ren, Changsun Kang, Lucila Garcia-Contreras, Dongin Kim.

Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles, ranging from 50 to 200 nm in diameter, and mediate cell-to-cell communication in normal biological and pathological processes. Exosomes derived from tumors have multiple functions in cancer progression, resistance, and metastasis through cancer exosome-derived tropism. However, there is no quantitative information on cancer exosome-derived tropism. Such data would be highly beneficial to guide cancer therapy by inhibiting exosome release and/or uptake. Using two fluorescent protein (mKate2) transfected ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCA4 and OVCA8), cancer exosome tropism was quantified by measuring the released exosome from ovarian cancer cells and determining the uptake of exosomes into parental ovarian cancer cells, 3D spheroids, and tumors in tumor-bearing mice. The OVCA4 cells release 50 to 200 exosomes per cell, and the OVCA8 cells do 300 to 560 per cell. The uptake of exosomes by parental ovarian cancer cells is many-fold higher than by non-parental cells. In tumor-bearing mice, most exosomes are homing to the parent cancer rather than other tissues. We successfully quantified exosome release and uptake by the parent cancer cells, further proving the tropism of cancer cell-derived exosomes. The results implied that cancer exosome tropism could provide useful information for future cancer therapeutic applications.

Keywords: exosome; ovarian cancer; quantification; tropism

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098166

Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2023 May 10. pii: S0304-419X(23)00057-4. [Epub ahead of print]1878(4): 188908

A tale of exosomes and their implication in cancer.

Abhay Mishra, Prahalad Singh Bharti, Neerja Rani, Fredrik Nikolajeff, Saroj Kumar.

Cancer is a cause of high deaths worldwide and also a huge burden for the health system. Cancer cells have unique properties such as a high rate of proliferation, self-renewal, metastasis, and treatment resistance, therefore, the development of novel diagnoses of cancers is a tedious task. Exosomes are secreted by virtually all cell types and have the ability to carry a multitude of biomolecules crucial for intercellular communication, hence, contributing a crucial part in the onset and spread of cancer. These exosomal components can be utilized in the development of markers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes for various cancers. This review emphasized primarily the following topics: exosomes structure and functions, isolation and characterization strategies of exosomes, the role of exosomal contents in cancer with a focus in particular on noncoding RNA and protein, exosomes, and the cancer microenvironment interactions, cancer stem cells, and tumor diagnosis and prognosis based on exosomes.

Keywords: Cancer Diagnosis; Exosomal miRNA; Exosomal proteins; Exosomes; Exosomes isolation and characterization; cancer pathophysiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188908

Pathol Res Pract. 2023 May 08. pii: S0344-0338(23)00222-4. [Epub ahead of print]247 154522

Exosomal non-coding RNAs' role in immune regulation and potential therapeutic applications.

Mohamed J Saadh, Bahman Abedi Kiasari, Seyed Abbas Shahrtash, José Luis Arias-Gonzáles, Mvnl Chaitanya, Juan Carlos Cotrina-Aliaga, Mustafa Jawad Kadham, Ioan Sârbu, Reza Akhavan-Sigari.

Exosomes are now significant players in both healthy and unhealthy cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes can mediate immune activation or immunosuppression, which can influence the growth of tumors. Exosomes affect the immune responses to malignancies in various ways by interacting with tumor cells and the environment around them. Exosomes made by immune cells can control the growth, metastasis, and even chemosensitivity of tumor cells. In contrast, exosomes produced by cancer cells can encourage immune responses that support the tumor. Exosomes carry circular RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs), all involved in cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we focus on the most recent findings concerning the role of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in immune modulation and the potential therapeutic implications of these discoveries.

Keywords: Exosome; Immune regulation; circRNA; lncRNA; miRNA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2023.154522

Nanomedicine (Lond). 2023 May 17.

Exosomes as a novel nanomedicine platform for personalized triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

Abhishesh Kumar Mehata, Niharika Gupta, Madaswamy S Muthu.

Keywords: exosomes; personalized nanomedicine; theranostics; triple-negative breast cancer

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2023-0074

Cells. 2023 05 05. pii: 1315. [Epub ahead of print]12(9):

The miR-183 Cluster: Biogenesis, Functions, and Cell Communication via Exosomes in Cancer.

Shuhui Li, Wei Meng, Ziyi Guo, Min Liu, Yanyun He, Yanli Li, Zhongliang Ma.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death. MicroRNAs have been found to be closely associated with cancer. The miR-183 cluster, comprising miR-183, miR-96, and miR-182, is transcribed as a polycistronic miRNA cluster. Importantly, in most cases, these clusters promote cancer development through different pathways. Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, play an important role in cellular communication and the regulation of the tissue microenvironment. Interestingly, the miR-183 cluster can be detected in exosomes and plays a functional regulatory role in tumor development. Here, the biogenesis and functions of the miR-183 cluster in highly prevalent cancers and their relationship with other non-coding RNAs are summarized. In addition, the miR-183 cluster in exosomes has also been discussed. Finally, we discuss the miR-183 cluster as a promising target for cancer therapy. This review is expected to provide a new direction for cancer treatment.

Keywords: cancer; exosome; miR-183 cluster; noncoding RNAs

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12091315

Nanomedicine (Lond). 2023 May 17.

Dual-targeting exosomes for improved drug delivery in breast cancer.

Nam Hb Tran, Diem Dn Nguyen, Ngoc Mai Nguyen, Chau Tran, Ngoc Thanh Nguyen Thi, Duyen Tk Ho, Hoai-Nghia Nguyen, Lan N Tu.

Aims: The authors investigated whether displaying more than one homing peptide enhanced the tumor-targeting efficiency of exosomes. Materials & methods: Exosomes from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293F) were engineered to display either mono- or dual-tumor-penetrating peptides, iRGD and tLyp1. Exosomes were purified via tangential flow filtration followed by ultracentrifugation. Results: When loaded with doxorubicin (Dox), the dual iRGD-tLyp1 exosomes strongly enhanced Dox uptake in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, superior to single iRGD or tLyp1 exosomes. The dual iRGD-tLyp1 exosomal Dox was also the most potent, with IC50/GI50 values being 3.7-17.0-times lower than those of free Dox and other exosomal Dox. Conclusion: Selecting appropriate combinatorial homing peptides could be an approach for future precision nanomedicine.

Keywords: breast cancer; doxorubicin; exosomes; gene/drug delivery; iRGD; nanomedicine; tLyp1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2022-0328