bims-exocan 2024-07-28 papers

Issue of 2024‒07‒28
five papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University

Adv Radiat Oncol. 2024 Aug;9(8): 101549

Impact of Radiation on Exosomes in Regulating Tumor Immune Microenvironment.

Silai Yu, Shanshan Jiang, Yue Zhou, Zhengfei Zhu, Xi Yang.

Purpose: Exosomes have been shown to play a role in most, if not all, steps of cancer progression. We still lack a comprehensive understanding of the bidirectional communication of exosomes between tumor cells and immune cells. This article aims to explore how exosomes can influence cancer growth and how they are affected by radiation therapy.Methods and Materials: We searched on PubMed and Web of Science on the impact of radiation on tumor derived exosomes and immune cell derived exosomes in tumor immune microenvironment. We screened all the related articles and summarized their main discoveries and important results.
Results: This article reviewed the effects of tumor derived exosomes and immune cell-derived exosomes on TME and tumor progression after radiotherapy, suggesting the dual effects of exosomes which may refer to clinical practice. Moreover, we retrospected the clinical applications based on tumor derived exosomes, including liquid biopsy, radio-resistance and drug delivery, and discussed the challenges and prospects.
Conclusions: Exosomes are important in cancer treatment, especially with radiation therapy. Learning more about them could lead to better treatments. However, there are still challenges to overcome. The review points out the need for more research in this area.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adro.2024.101549

Med Oncol. 2024 Jul 20. 41(8): 203

Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in colorectal cancer.

Neda Shakerian, Elham Darzi-Eslam, Fatemeh Afsharnoori, Nikoo Bana, Faezeh Noorabad Ghahroodi, Mojtaba Tarin, Maysam Mard-Soltani, Bahman Khalesi, Zahra Sadat Hashemi, Saeed Khalili.

Exosomes play a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC) related processes. This review explores the various functions of exosomes in CRC and their potential as diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and drug delivery vehicles. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly influence CRC progression. Specific exosomal lncRNAs are linked to drug resistance and tumor growth, respectively, highlighting their therapeutic potential. Similarly, miRNAs like miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-92a-3p, carried by exosomes, contribute to chemotherapy resistance by altering signaling pathways and gene expression in CRC cells. The review also discusses exosomes' utility in CRC diagnosis. Exosomes from cancer cells have distinct molecular signatures compared to healthy cells, making them reliable biomarkers. Specific exosomal lncRNAs (e.g., CRNDE-h) and miRNAs (e.g., miR-17-92a) have shown effectiveness in early CRC detection and monitoring of treatment responses. Furthermore, exosomes show promise as vehicles for targeted drug delivery. The potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in CRC treatment is also noted, with their role varying from promoting to inhibiting tumor progression. The application of multi-omics approaches to exosome research is highlighted, emphasizing the potential for discovering novel CRC biomarkers through comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. The review also explores the emerging field of exosome-based vaccines, which utilize exosomes' natural properties to elicit strong immune responses. In conclusion, exosomes represent a promising frontier in CRC research, offering new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Their unique properties and versatile functions underscore the need for continued investigation into their clinical applications and underlying mechanisms.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Exosome; MicroRNA; Oncogenic molecules; lncRNA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02440-3

Cancer Cell Int. 2024 Jul 25. 24(1): 264

The systematic role of pancreatic cancer exosomes: distant communication, liquid biopsy and future therapy.

Cheng Qin, Tianyu Li, Chen Lin, Bangbo Zhao, Zeru Li, Yutong Zhao, Weibin Wang.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. Cancer-derived exosomes, benefiting from the protective role of the lipid membrane, exhibit remarkable stability in the circulatory system. These exosomes, released by tumor microenvironment, contain various biomolecules such as proteins, RNAs, and lipids that plays a pivotal role in mediating distant communication between the local pancreatic tumor and other organs or tissues. They facilitate the transfer of oncogenic factors to distant sites, contributing to the compromised body immune system, distant metastasis, diabetes, cachexia, and promoting a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic cancer patients. Beyond their intrinsic roles, circulating exosomes in peripheral blood can be detected to facilitate accurate liquid biopsy. This approach offers a novel and promising method for the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer. Consequently, circulating exosomes are not only crucial mediators of systemic cell-cell communication during pancreatic cancer progression but also hold great potential as precise tools for pancreatic cancer management and treatment. Exosome-based liquid biopsy and therapy represent promising advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Exosomes can serve as drug delivery vehicles, enhancing the targeting and efficacy of anticancer treatments, modulating the immune system, and facilitating gene editing to suppress tumor growth. Ongoing research focuses on biomarker identification, drug delivery systems, and clinical trials to validate the safety and efficacy of exosome-based therapies, offering new possibilities for early diagnosis and precision treatment in pancreatic cancer. Leveraging the therapeutic potential of exosomes, including their ability to deliver targeted drugs and modulate immune responses, opens new avenues for innovative treatment strategies.

Keywords: Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Liquid biopsy; Pancreatic cancer; Tumor microenvironment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-024-03456-5

Clin Breast Cancer. 2024 Jul 06. pii: S1526-8209(24)00181-2. [Epub ahead of print]

The Predictive Value of Blood-Derived Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Marina Linares-Rodríguez, Isabel Blancas, Fernando Rodríguez-Serrano.

Breast cancer (BC) remains a widespread disease worldwide, despite advances in its detection and treatment. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in cancer, and their presence within exosomes may confer several advantages in terms of tumor initiation, propagation, immune evasion, and drug resistance compared to freely circulating miRNAs in the blood. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to analyze the role of exosomal miRNAs present in serum or plasma as biomarkers in BC. Bibliographic sources were collected from various databases with no starting date limit until March 2023. The search terms used were related to "breast cancer," "microRNAs," and "exosomes." Following the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a total of 46 articles. Data were extracted from the selected studies and summarized to indicate the miRNAs, type of dysregulation, sample source, number of patients and controls, and clinical relevance of the miRNAs. We carried out an enrichment study of the microRNAs that appeared in at least 3 studies, those that were suitable for selection were miR-16, miR-21 and miR-155. Exosomal miRNAs isolated from blood samples of patients diagnosed with BC could be valuable in the clinical setting. They could provide information about early diagnosis, disease progression, recurrence, treatment response, and metastases. It is crucial to reach a consensus on the specific exosomal miRNAs to detect and the most appropriate type of sample for comprehensive utilization of miRNAs as biomarkers for BC.

Keywords: Exosomes; MicroRNAs; Plasma; Serum; Systematic review

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2024.06.016

Front Immunol. 2024 ;15 1419660

Exosome-derived microRNAs: emerging players in vitiligo.

Wenquan Li, Yaobin Pang, Qingying He, Zongzou Song, Xin Xie, Jinhao Zeng, Jing Guo.

Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomacromolecules and nanoscale extracellular vesicles originating from intracellular compartments that are secreted by most cells into the extracellular space. This review examines the formation and function of exosomal miRNAs in biological information transfer, explores the pathogenesis of vitiligo, and highlights the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and vitiligo. The aim is to deepen the understanding of how exosomal miRNAs influence immune imbalance, oxidative stress damage, melanocyte-keratinocyte interactions, and melanogenesis disorders in the development of vitiligo. This enhanced understanding may contribute to the development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic options for vitiligo.

Keywords: autoimmunity; biomacromolecule; exosome; microRNAs; oxidative stress; vitiligo

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419660