bims-exocan 2025-01-12 papers

Issue of 2025–01–12
three papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University

Cancer Med. 2025 Jan;14(1): e70569

Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Exosomes and Their Components in Patients With Cancers.

Zinnat Ara Moni, Zahid Hasan, Md Shaheen Alam, Nitai Roy, Farhadul Islam.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from liquid biopsy samples are used in early cancer detection, characterization, and surveillance. Exosomes are a subset of EVs produced by all cells and present in all body fluids. They play an important role in the development of cancer because they are active transporters capable of carrying the contents of any type of cell. The objective of this review was to provide a brief overview of the clinical implication of exosomes or exosomal components in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
METHODS: An extensive review of the current literature of exosomes and their components in cancer diagnosis and prognosis were carried out in the current study.
RESULTS: Tumor cells release exosomes that contribute to the formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, angiogenesis, invasion, and treatment resistance. On the contrary, tumor cells release more exosomes than normal cells, and these tumor-specific exosomes can carry the genomic and proteomic signature contents of the tumor cells, which can act as tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with cancers.
CONCLUSION: This information may help clinicians to improve the management of cancer patients in clinical settings in the future.

Keywords: cancer progression; diagnosis markers; exosomes; survival

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70569

Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Jan 07. 16(1): 6

Harnessing the power of exosomes for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of hematological malignancies.

Amirata Mohseni, Fatemeh Salehi, Samaneh Rostami, Kaveh Hadiloo, Mehrdad Hashemi, Zahra Baridjavadi, Fatemeh Ahangari, Najibeh Karami, Fatemeh Samani, Safa Tahmasebi, Najma Farahani, Afshin Taheriazam.

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin released by various cell types. They consist of lipid bilayers containing macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, microRNAs, growth factors, cytokines, and carbohydrates. Exosomes play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. For instance, exosome contents have been utilized as biomarkers in body fluids (urine, saliva, serum) to identify cancers, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory conditions such as sepsis. Due to their small size and ability to reach tumor microenvironments, exosomes are also used as carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs in drug delivery systems. Furthermore, evidence indicates that malignant cells release exosomes into the tumor microenvironment, influencing immune cells in a paracrine manner. Additionally, immune cell-derived exosomes, such as those from Natural Killer (NK) cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), show potential as therapeutic agents in treating malignancies like leukemia. This review discusses the diagnostic role of exosomes in various hematological malignancies and explores the therapeutic potential of immune cell-derived exosomes in these diseases.

Keywords: Exosomes; Hematological malignancies; MicroRNAs; Small extracellular vesicles; Stem cell

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-04125-0

Life (Basel). 2024 Dec 04. pii: 1608. [Epub ahead of print]14(12):

Exosome-Derived miRNAs in Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer.

Israel Martínez-Espinosa, José A Serrato, Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez, Ángeles Carlos-Reyes, Blanca Ortiz-Quintero.

Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for lung cancer detection and monitoring through liquid biopsy. These small, non-coding RNA molecules are found within exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles released from cells. Their stability in biofluids, such as blood, positions them as candidates for minimally invasive diagnostics. Multiple studies have shown that lung cancer patients exhibit distinct miRNA profiles compared to healthy individuals. This finding suggests that exosome-derived miRNAs could serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluating therapeutic responses. This review summarizes recent research on exosome-derived miRNAs in liquid biopsies, including blood, pleural effusion, and pleural lavage, as biomarkers for lung cancer, focusing on publications from the last five years.

Keywords: exosome-derived miRNAs; liquid biopsy; lung cancer

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121608