bims-glumda Biomed News
on CGM data in management of diabetes
Issue of 2026–05–24
fourteen papers selected by
Mott Given
  1. Continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: Evidence for glycaemic metrics and patient-reported outcomes.
  2. Clinical Performance of a Novel 15.5-Day Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Adults With Diabetes.
  3. Perinatal Outcomes With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
  4. Identification of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Self-Management Structured Education Programs for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mixed Methodology Systematic Review.
  5. Optimizing Glycemic Control Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.
  6. Glycaemic control during Ramadan in adults with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring: Saudi Arabia.
  7. Community pharmacy-led diabetes management using continuous glucose monitoring for suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: A pilot feasibility study.
  8. Continuous glucose monitoring in older adults with diabetes across care settings: A systematic review.
  9. Utility of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of a Suicide Attempt in a Patient With Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes and Major Depressive Disorder.
  10. Glycemic Trends From Continuous Glucose Monitoring With DPP-4 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes-Redefining the Role of an Overlooked Agent.
  11. Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Post-Kidney Transplantation in Patient with Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes.
  12. [Diabetes technology (Update 2026)].
  13. Patient Perspectives on Telemonitoring in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Findings from a Qualitative Study.
  14. Association of serum biomarkers of dietary purine intake with glycaemic control and risk of preterm birth: two prospective cohort studies among pregnant women.
  1. Diabet Med. 2026 May 18. e70360
    Continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: Evidence for glycaemic metrics and patient-reported outcomes.
    Abuzar Watan Pal, Wei Lim Chong, Hasniza Zaman Huri, Jeyakantha Ratnasingam.
       AIMS: In adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides insights beyond HbA1c. A comprehensive understanding of clinical benefits and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) associated with CGM is needed to inform its integration into routine care.
    METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from inception to June 2025 to identify randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies including quasi-experimental and observational designs. Outcomes of interest included glycaemic measures (HbA1c, time in range, hypoglycaemia, glycaemic variability) and PROs. Given the heterogeneity in study design and outcome reporting, findings were synthesised narratively.
    RESULTS: Thirty studies (N ≈ 3275) were included. CGM use was associated with improvement in HbA1c, particularly among insulin-treated individuals and those with higher baseline HbA1c. CGM use also increased time in range by approximately 9-15 percentage points (1.5-3.6 h/day) and was generally associated with reduced hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic variability, although effects on hypoglycaemia were not uniform. In contrast, diabetes-specific PROs, including treatment satisfaction and diabetes-related distress, showed more consistent improvement, whereas changes in overall quality-of-life measures were less pronounced.
    CONCLUSIONS: CGM use was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic metrics and PROs in adults with T2D. Although evidence remains limited for long-term outcomes and special populations, current findings support the clinical value of CGM in diabetes management.
    Keywords:  blood glucose self monitoring; diabetes mellitus, type 2; glycaemic control; glycated haemoglobin; patient‐reported outcome measures; quality of life; systematic review
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70360
  2. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2026 May 18. 19322968261447295
    Clinical Performance of a Novel 15.5-Day Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Adults With Diabetes.
    Lin Zhao, Hongying Ye, Bo Feng, Yue Yang, Yang Li, Tikuan Cai, Xiaoying Li.
       BACKGROUND: Performance of the uCGM 100 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, featuring a 15.5-day, real-time, and factory-calibrated glucose sensor, is evaluated against venous plasma reference for adult participants (≥18 years) in a multicenter, prospective clinical study.
    METHODS: A total number of 60 participants were enrolled at three clinical sites in China, and each participant wore sensors on the back of each upper arm for 15.5 days. Three in-clinic visits, lasting eight hours during each visit, were conducted by each participant to perform multiple venous plasma glucose measurements using Biosen C-Line GP+ (EKF Diagnostics) Glucose/Lactate Measuring System. Venous plasma blood glucose sample tests covered the start, middle, and end wear of the sensor (day 1, days 3-5, days 7-9, days 11-13, or the last 24 hours). Analytic performance included accuracy such as ±20% or ±20 mg/dL (%20/20) agreement rate with reference values, and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) between CGM and reference values.
    RESULTS: A total of 11 576 matched data pairs (120 sensors) were analyzed. The overall MARD and %20/20 agreement rate for the CGM system was 7.6% and 95.5%, respectively, compared with venous blood reference. The %20/20 agreement remained consistently above 93% across wear days and glucose ranges. No serious adverse events were recorded. Usability survey showed 99.8% positive feedback, demonstrating good usability.
    CONCLUSIONS: The novel CGM system was proven to provide accurate and reliable glucose readings in adults with diabetes.
    Keywords:  MARD; accuracy; continuous glucose monitoring; factory calibration; uCGM 100
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968261447295
  3. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2026 May 22. 19322968261443538
    Perinatal Outcomes With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Yao Wang, Jiancheng Lai, Hongfei Zeng, Yikang Ouyang, Na Li.
       OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with a focus on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
    METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched up to March 2026 for randomized controlled trials. Pooled mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
    RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 1639 women with GDM were included. The CGM use significantly improved time in range (MD = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.37 to 3.67) and was associated with a higher proportion of women requiring pharmacotherapy (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.32). No significant differences were observed in maternal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.24 to 0.01), cesarean section (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.10), large for gestational age (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.40 to 1.02), macrosomia (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.73 to 1.74), or neonatal hypoglycemia (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.11).
    CONCLUSIONS: The CGM use in women with GDM significantly improves time in range and increases the use of pharmacotherapy, but it yields no significant differences in other maternal, neonatal, or glycemic outcomes.
    Keywords:  CGM; GDM; glycemic outcomes; maternal outcomes; meta-analysis; neonatal outcomes
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968261443538
  4. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2026 ;19 598765
    Identification of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Self-Management Structured Education Programs for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mixed Methodology Systematic Review.
    Eirini Pizirtzidou, Chrysovalantis Karagkounis, Thalia Bellali, Niki Katsiki, Kyriakos Kazakos, Emir Muzurović, Evgenia Minasidou.
       Background: The use and innovation of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) offer a wealth of information regarding glycemic variability on a day-to-day basis, providing the opportunity to assess the broader picture of glycemic control compared with the static data from Blood Glucose Monitors. Diabetes self-management structured education (DSMSE) is the cornerstone of successful diabetes management. Educational programs on CGMs self-management, structured following National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, have shown remarkable outcomes in glycemic management, technology acceptance and adherence, user satisfaction, and the reduction of diabetes-related distress.
    Purpose: Our study aims to gather information on all available structured educational programs for CGM self-management in people with type one diabetes and analyze their characteristics.
    Methods: The study is a mixed-method systematic review (PROSPERO registration number CRD42024579331). We searched the following databases (Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO) from inception to May 7, 2024.
    Results: We included nine studies documenting nine structured educational programs on CGM self-management. These studies, published between 2019 and 2023, targeted adults, adolescents, and pediatric populations with type one diabetes using real-time CGM (rt-CGM) or intermittent scanning CGM (isCGM). Overall, 7/9 programs (ie, the CGM Academy, both versions, Spectrum, Flash, IDEAL, Share-plus, and ABC/is-CGM) met all the criteria for structured educational programs.
    Conclusion: Taking into consideration any limitation due to study heterogeneity, programs such as Spectrum and CGM Academy serve as comprehensive models, for CGM self-management education, as they meet all the NICE UK structured education criteria, and offer the most robust, holistic, and evidence-based curricula. They incorporate the most effective approaches, methods, and materials based on literature and utilize rt-CGM technology, which broader clinical evidence suggests is superior to isCGM in improving Time in Range and reducing hypoglycemia. The CGM Academy is particularly suited for pediatric and young adult populations, whereas Spectrum targets all populations (pediatric and adult) regardless of the rt-CGM manufacturer.
    Keywords:  continuous glucose monitoring systems; diabetes self-management; educational programs; glycemic control
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S598765
  5. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2026 May 22. 19322968261445111
    Optimizing Glycemic Control Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.
    Hana A Al-Abdulkarim, Mohammad Al-Shraim, Hossein Motahari-Nezhad, Meriem Fgaier, Márta Péntek, László Gulácsi, Raed Aldahash, Zsombor Zrubka.
       BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a wearable medical device that continuously tracks blood glucose levels through a small sensor implanted typically on the abdomen, arm, or buttocks of the patient with diabetes to ensure real-time tracking of blood glucose. Many systematic literature reviews (SLRs) explored the efficacy of CGM versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in different patient populations.
    OBJECTIVE: To conduct an umbrella review of existing SLRs and perform a meta-analysis of their underlying primary studies to compare CGM versus SMBG in terms of glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac).
    METHODS: This is an umbrella review (overview of reviews) of studies assessing CGM efficacy compared with SMBG. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically between January 2000 and February 2024. To avoid double counting of overlapping data across reviews, quantitative synthesis was conducted at the level of the primary studies identified within the SLRs. Data extracted included HbA1c measurements, population characteristics (diabetes type/age category/Insulin regimen), study characteristics (study design/follow-up duration), and device type were collected. AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) checklist and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool were used to appraise the quality of the included SLRs. Effect sizes with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the individual included studies of HbA1c were synthesized using the DerSimonian-Laird method with random effects model. Meta-regression was performed to explore the impact of different variables on the treatment effect.
    RESULTS: Forty SLRs were included in the review with a total of 78 261 patients. Continuous glucose monitoring achieved greater reduction in HbA1c than in the control group (absolute mean difference: 0.31% (95% CI 0.26%-0.36%). While the direction of effect favored CGM across subgroups, high unexplained heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 89.7%).
    CONCLUSION: This is the first overview of SLRs involving quantitative primary-level meta-analysis of studies of patients with diabetes of all ages and all CGM devices. While CGM devices show a significant overall benefit in reducing HbA1c, the high unexplained heterogeneity suggests that results should be generalized with caution, as the degree of benefit may vary across different clinical settings.
    Keywords:  blood glucose self-monitoring; continuous glucose monitoring; diabetes mellitus
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968261445111
  6. Sci Rep. 2026 May 20.
    Glycaemic control during Ramadan in adults with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring: Saudi Arabia.
    Amal Mohammed Q Surrati, Eman Alfadhli, Abdulhalim Almurashi, Alaa Aljohani, Mariam Alanzi, Soaad ALjohany, Nadeen Farhan Alanize.
      Ramadan fasting poses clinical challenges for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), particularly with respect to glycemic control. Real-world data describing changes in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics across Ramadan remain limited. This study assessed changes in CGM-derived glycemic parameters during Ramadan fasting in adults with T1DM and explored whether these changes differed according to baseline glycemic control. This prospective observational real-world study included 81 adults with T1DM who intended to fast during Ramadan 2025 and were routinely followed at two diabetes centers. CGM-derived parameters, including average glucose concentration, time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), and glycemic variability, were evaluated across three predefined periods: pre-Ramadan, the first two weeks of Ramadan, and the last two weeks of Ramadan. Changes over time were assessed using non-parametric paired comparisons. Subgroup analyses were performed according to baseline HbA1c level (≤ 7% vs. >7%) among participants with available data, and findings were interpreted descriptively. The median age of participants was 30 years, and 35.8% were men. Median HbA1c was 8.0% (IQR: 7-9%). TIR declined from the pre-Ramadan period (51.5%) to the first two weeks of Ramadan (45.0%) and remained lower during the last two weeks (47.0%). Average glucose concentrations increased during Ramadan, while TBR and glycemic variability showed no consistent changes. Participants with HbA1c > 7% experienced more pronounced deterioration in glycemic parameters, whereas those with HbA1c ≤ 7% demonstrated smaller and largely transient changes. In this real-world cohort of adults with T1DM, Ramadan fasting was associated with deterioration in CGM-derived glycemic control, particularly among individuals with suboptimal pre-Ramadan glycemic control. These findings highlight the importance of pre-Ramadan assessment, patient education, and CGM use to support safer fasting in routine clinical practice.
    Keywords:  Continuous glucose monitoring; Glycemic control; Intermittent Fasting; Ramadan Fasting; Time in range; Type 1 diabetes
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-49117-7
  7. PLoS One. 2026 ;21(5): e0350025
    Community pharmacy-led diabetes management using continuous glucose monitoring for suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: A pilot feasibility study.
    Kyung-In Joung, Ji Won Hwang, So Young Seo, Kyeong Han Back, Yong Geun Jeon, Kwang Joon Kim.
      Many adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) managed without insulin continue to experience suboptimally controlled glycemia. This 12-week, single-arm pilot feasibility study was conducted across 11 community pharmacies in South Korea to evaluate the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of a community pharmacy-led diabetes management model using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) integrated with digital health platforms. Thirty adults with suboptimally controlled T2DM (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) on stable oral regimens were enrolled. The intervention combined medication, exercise, and nutrition counseling using CGM (Abbott LibreView®) integrated with the national Personal Health Record system. The primary composite endpoint was defined as achieving all three at week 12: (1) HbA1c ≤ 7.0%, (2) meaningful HbA1c reduction (≥0.5% absolute or ≥10% relative), and (3) time in range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL) >70%. Results showed that all 30 participants completed the program, with 36.7% achieving the primary composite endpoint. At week 12, HbA1c decreased by 0.70% (95% CI: -1.00 to -0.39; p < 0.001), TIR increased by 5.8 percentage points (p < 0.001), and time above range declined. Time below range remained stable, confirming safety. Improvements appeared from week 3 and were sustained, with longer diabetes duration independently predicting response (adjusted OR=1.24/year, p = 0.040). In conclusion, community pharmacy-led diabetes management using CGM, enabled by digital health integration, produced clinically meaningful and sustained glycemic improvements among adults with T2DM not using insulin. (Trial Registration: KCT0010933).
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0350025
  8. Geriatr Nurs. 2026 May 21. pii: S0197-4572(26)00281-8. [Epub ahead of print]71 104075
    Continuous glucose monitoring in older adults with diabetes across care settings: A systematic review.
    Ana Domínguez-Navarro, Minjung Lee, Yao Chen, Janene Batten, Bernard Mensah, Soohyun Nam.
       BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use is increasing among older adults with diabetes, yet evidence across different care settings remains fragmented.
    OBJECTIVES: To describe how CGM has been used among older adults with diabetes in community, hospital, and nursinghome settings and to synthesize reported clinical, glycemic, and user-reported outcomes.
    METHODS: Quantitative studies involving adults aged ≥65 years using CGM and reporting clinical or user-related outcomes were included, while non-English articles, pediatric studies, reviews, and studies without CGM-related outcomes were excluded. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2025. Study quality was assessed using NIH tools for randomized and observational studies. Due to heterogeneity across study designs and outcomes, a narrative synthesis was conducted.
    RESULTS: Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, including 10 randomized trials, 17 cohort studies, and 5 cross-sectional studies. CGM improved glycemic outcomes by reducing HbA1c, increasing time in range, lowering glycemic variability, and identifying previously unrecognized hypoglycemia. Observational studies reported 34-62.9% reductions in hyperglycemia-related hospitalizations and high persistence of CGM use. Feasibility and acceptability were generally positive, although frail and cognitively impaired adults, as well as institutional settings, were underrepresented.
    DISCUSSION: Heterogeneity in designs and outcomes precluded meta-analysis; most studies were short-term, conducted in community settings, and lacked standardized measures. CGM improves key glycemic indicators and supports safer diabetes care for many older adults. However, wider evidence across hospitals and nursing homes and among frailer populations is needed. Others: No external funding was received. The review was registered in PROSPERO: CRD420250656434.
    Keywords:  Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes technology; Geriatric nursing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2026.104075
  9. Cureus. 2026 Apr;18(4): e107040
    Utility of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of a Suicide Attempt in a Patient With Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes and Major Depressive Disorder.
    Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Javier Contreras-Cárdenas, Sergio Armando Covarrubias-Castillo.
      Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent chronic disease. In patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders, insulin may become a means of suicide due to its potentially lethal effects when overdosed. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have proven effective for glycemic control, but their role in suicide prevention is less explored. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes, borderline personality disorder, and major depressive disorder, who attempted suicide by injecting 90 units of lispro insulin and ingesting 12 tablets of lorazepam. The patient's daughter, monitoring her mother's glucose levels via CGM, detected a sudden hypoglycemic drop and intervened promptly, preventing a fatal outcome. The patient was treated in the emergency department with intravenous dextrose and supportive care, was later admitted to the ICU, and followed by psychiatric evaluation and pharmacological adjustments. Her psychiatric treatment plan was modified to reduce central nervous system depressants and reinforce outpatient psychiatric follow-up. At a one-month follow-up, the patient reported clinical improvement, denied suicidal ideation, and remained under psychiatric care. This case underscores the utility of CGM not only for glycemic control but also as an emergency detection tool in high-risk psychiatric patients, emphasizing the value of integrating digital health with psychiatric monitoring and family support.
    Keywords:  borderline personality disorder; continuous glucose monitoring; insulin overdose; suicide prevention; type 2 diabetes
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.107040
  10. Diabetes Care. 2026 Jun 01. 49(6): 940-942
    Glycemic Trends From Continuous Glucose Monitoring With DPP-4 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes-Redefining the Role of an Overlooked Agent.
    Arthi Thirumalai, Irl B Hirsch.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2337/dci26-0040
  11. Endocr Pract. 2026 May 19. pii: S1530-891X(26)00996-1. [Epub ahead of print]
    Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Post-Kidney Transplantation in Patient with Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes.
    Dania Salih Bacha, Huijun Xiao, Kelly Paulus, Diana Isaacs, Kevin Malloy, Mona Gossman, Alvin Wee, M Cecilia Lansang.
       BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation poses glycemic control challenges for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) due to immunosuppressive therapy and metabolic changes. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess glucometrics achieved with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM)-based insulin titration protocol during prednisone taper post-kidney transplant.
    METHODS: Kidney transplant recipients with pre-existing T2DM on insulin therapy were enrolled. CGM metrics were used to adjust insulin dose for 3 months. Data up to 6 months were included. CGM metrics, insulin and prednisone doses, kidney function, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.
    RESULTS: Time in range (TIR) increased from 44.2% to 60.8% at 3 months (p=0.005) and 72.9% at 6 months (p<0.001). TBR 54-69 mg/dL was 0.3% baseline, 0.4% at 3 months (p=0.11) and 0.6% at 6 months (p=0.036), whereas TBR <54 mg/dL was 0% at baseline with no significant increase at 3 and 6 months. Average glucose decreased from 194.7 mg/dL to 160.6 mg/dL at 3 months and 148.0 mg/dL at 6 months (p<0.001). The estimated mean total insulin dose per kg body weight was 0.48 units/kg at baseline, 0.66 units/kg at 3 months, and 0.56 units/kg at 6 months.
    CONCLUSION: These findings may assist with better insulin dosing for programs that have similar patient demographics and prednisone taper.
    Keywords:  Kidney transplant; continuous glucose monitor; insulin dose; type 2 diabetes
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.018
  12. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2026 May;138(Suppl 4): 161-170
    [Diabetes technology (Update 2026)].
    Ingrid Schütz-Fuhrmann, B Rami-Merhar, Sabine E Hofer, Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer, Martin Tauschmann, Julia K Mader, Michael Resl, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Yvonne Winhofer-Stöckl, Thomas Wascher, Jürgen Harreiter, Lars Stechemesser, Sandra Zlamal-Fortunat, Raimund Weitgasser.
      These guidelines represent the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Society (ÖDG) on the use of diabetes technology (continuous glucose monitoring, CGM; insulin pump therapy; automated insulin delivery systems, AID, connected insulin pens, diabetes apps) and the access to these technological innovations for people with diabetes mellitus. The guidelines were based on current scientific evidence.
    Keywords:  Automated insulin delivery systems; Continuous glucose monitoring; Insulin pump therapy; Mobile telephone apps; Telemedicine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-025-02630-7
  13. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2026 May 21. 336 1920-1921
    Patient Perspectives on Telemonitoring in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Findings from a Qualitative Study.
    Pernille Secher, Clara Bender, Thomas Kronborg, Peter Vestergaard, Morten Jensen, Stine Hangaard.
      Telemonitoring supports diabetes self-management, but patient perspectives are key for successful implementation. This qualitative sub-study explored individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes teleMonitoring of patients in insulin Therapy (DiaMonT) trial. Key themes included the role of healthcare professionals, disease insight, and the impact of usability, cost, and flexibility on behavior. Continuous glucose monitoring provided reassurance and supported behavior change, though alarms, skin irritation, and costs could limit use. Participants described a fragmented healthcare system with limited general practitioner involvement. Findings highlight the need for professional support, improved usability, and stronger organizational integration.
    Keywords:  Telemedicine; continuous glucose monitoring; diabetes care; health behavior; patient experience
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI260572
  14. EBioMedicine. 2026 May 21. pii: S2352-3964(26)00185-4. [Epub ahead of print]128 106303
    Association of serum biomarkers of dietary purine intake with glycaemic control and risk of preterm birth: two prospective cohort studies among pregnant women.
    Shijia Hu, Zelei Miao, Yidan Dong, Yuwei Lai, Ke Zhang, Congmei Xiao, Jingnan Chen, Wanglong Gou, Yuanqing Fu, Tianlei Wang, Fan Li, Mei-Qi Shi, Sha Lu, Xu-Hong Wang, Jiaying Yuan, Jin Wu, An Pan, Wensheng Hu, Hongjun Shi, Xiong-Fei Pan, Ju-Sheng Zheng.
       BACKGROUND: To examine serum purine metabolites as biomarkers of maternal dietary purine intake and their associations with glycaemic control and preterm birth during pregnancy.
    METHODS: We included 1480 pregnant Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from the Westlake Precision Birth Cohort (WeBirth) at mid-pregnancy, divided into discovery (n = 1230) and internal validation (n = 250) subcohorts. Linear regression was used to assess associations between serum metabolites, dietary purine intake, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics. A purine score was developed and evaluated for associations with glycaemic control and preterm birth, with replication in 936 pregnant women from the Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort (THSBC).
    FINDINGS: Serum purine level was associated with dietary purine intake and with the mean of daily difference (β = 0.096 [95% CI, 0.038, 0.15]). The association between higher serum purine and preterm birth risk in the WeBirth cohort (OR = 1.29 [95% CI, 1.06, 1.52]) was replicated in the THSBC cohort. Early-pregnancy serum purine also predicted GDM risk (OR = 1.38 [95% CI, 1.13, 1.63]) in the THSBC. A purine score comprising purine, adenine, 6-O-methylguanine, and uric acid showed consistent associations with glycaemic variability and preterm birth across both cohorts.
    INTERPRETATION: Reflecting dietary purine intake, serum purine level and purine score are associated with greater glycaemic variability and higher preterm birth risk. Monitoring dietary purine intake may improve glycaemic control in GDM and prevent pregnancy complications.
    FUNDING: National Key R&D Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Project; Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation.
    Keywords:  Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM); Dietary purine intake; Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); Preterm birth; Serum biomarkers
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106303
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