Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2025 Nov 19.
Transplantation of pancreatic islets, containing insulin secreting beta cells, provides substantial benefits for individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). However, the low yield of the procedure limits its therapeutic potential, as many islets are lost during preparation and transplantation, primarily due to ischemia/reperfusion injuries and oxidative stress. GC7, an inhibitor of eIF5A hypusination, improves the resistance of various cells and organs to ischemia/reperfusion. Our study therefore explored whether GC7 treatment of beta cell models in vitro could serve as a strategy to enhance their resistance to ischemia/reperfusion injuries. We treated rat INS-1 or mouse MIN6 cells with GC7 and analyzed insulin secretion, energetic metabolism, mitochondrial function and both cell survival and oxidative stress under anoxia/reoxygenation conditions. In beta cells, eIF5A inhibition by GC7 treatment repressed transiently mitochondrial activity, ATP production and insulin secretion in response to glucose, which was linked to a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Following anoxia/reoxygenation to mimic ischemia/reperfusion, GC7 treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress while significantly improving cell survival by more than 50%. Collectively, these findings are a proof of concept demonstrating that GC7 treatment of beta cells enhances their resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hence the use of GC7 appears as a promising strategy to improve pancreatic islet survival during transplantation.
Keywords: anoxia; diabetes; metabolism; oxidative stress; transplantation