bims-inflim Biomed News
on Influenza Immunity
Issue of 2018‒06‒10
three papers selected by
Christine Oshansky-Weilnau
  1. Mucosal Immune Response in Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue upon Intranasal Administration by Adjuvants.
  2. Anti-influenza Hyperimmune Immunoglobulin Enhances Fc-functional Antibody Immunity during Human Influenza Infection.
  3. Mouse strain and sex as determinants of immune response to trivalent influenza vaccine.
  1. J Innate Immun. 2018 Jun 01. 1-7
    Mucosal Immune Response in Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue upon Intranasal Administration by Adjuvants.
    Hiromi Takaki, Shingo Ichimiya, Misako Matsumoto, Tsukasa Seya.
      The nasal administration of vaccines directed against diseases caused by upper respiratory tract infections of pathogens, such as the influenza virus, mimics the natural infection of pathogens and induces immunoglobulin A (IgA) production in the nasal cavity to effectively protect viral entry. Therefore, the development of a nasally administered vaccine is a research objective. Because the antigenicity of influenza split vaccines is low, nasal inoculation with the vaccine alone does not induce strong IgA production in the nasal cavity. However, the addition of adjuvants activates the innate immune response, enhancing antigen-specific IgA production and the T-cell response. Although the development of suitable adjuvants for nasal vaccinations is in progress, the mechanism by which adjuvants promote the immune response is still unclear. In this review, we discuss the mucosal immune response, especially in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, induced in response to the intranasal inoculation of an influenza vaccine and adjuvants in animal models.
    Keywords:  Immunoglobulin A; Influenza vaccine; Mucosal immunity; Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1159/000489405
  2. J Infect Dis. 2018 May 31.
    Anti-influenza Hyperimmune Immunoglobulin Enhances Fc-functional Antibody Immunity during Human Influenza Infection.
    Hillary A Vanderven, Kathleen Wragg, Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz, Anne B Kristensen, Sinthujan Jegaskanda, Adam K Wheatley, Deborah Wentworth, Bruce D Wines, P Mark Hogarth, Steve Rockman, , Stephen J Kent.
      Background: New treatments for severe influenza are needed. Passive transfer of influenza-specific hyperimmune pooled immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) boosts neutralising antibody responses to past strains in influenza-infected subjects. The effect of Flu-IVIG on antibodies with Fc-mediated functions, which may target diverse influenza strains, is unclear.Methods: We studied the capacity of Flu-IVIG, relative to standard IVIG, to bind to Fc receptors and mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. The effect of Flu-IVIG infusion, compared to placebo infusion, was examined in serial plasma samples from 24 subjects with confirmed influenza infection in the INSIGHT FLU005 pilot study.
    Results: Flu-IVIG contains higher concentrations of Fc-functional antibodies than IVIG against a diverse range of influenza hemagglutinins. Following infusion of Flu-IVIG into influenza-infected subjects, a transient increase in Fc-functional antibodies was present for 1-3 days against infecting and non-infecting strains of influenza.
    Conclusions: Flu-IVIG contains antibodies with Fc-mediated functions against influenza virus and passive transfer of Flu-IVIG increases anti-influenza Fc-functional antibodies in the plasma of influenza-infected subjects. Enhancement of Fc-functional antibodies to a diverse range of influenza strains suggests that Flu-IVIG infusion could prove useful in the context of novel influenza virus infections, when there may be minimal or no neutralising antibodies in the Flu-IVIG preparation.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy328
  3. Life Sci. 2018 May 31. pii: S0024-3205(18)30336-9. [Epub ahead of print]
    Mouse strain and sex as determinants of immune response to trivalent influenza vaccine.
    Raisa Petrović, Biljana Bufan, Nevena Arsenović-Ranin, Irena Živković, Rajna Minić, Katarina Radojević, Gordana Leposavić.
      AIMS: The study examined the influence of sex and mouse strain on germinal center (GC) reaction and antibody responses to seasonal split trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV).MAIN METHODS: C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice of both sexes were immunized with TIV and examined for specific antibody response by ELISA. Splenic T follicular regulatory (Tfr), T follicular helper (Tfh) and GC B cells are detected by flow cytometry. The proliferative response of splenocytes, and concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 upon restimulation with vaccine antigens were examined by 7-AAD staining and ELISA, respectively.
    KEY FINDINGS: BALB/c mice developed more robust IgG responses to vaccine type A antigens than their sex-matched C57BL/6 counterparts, while that to B antigen did not differ between strains. In both strains IgG responses against type A vaccine antigens were greater in females than in males. The greater IgG responses correlated with lower splenic Tfr/Tfh and Tfr/GC B cell ratios and greater vaccine antigen-specific proliferative responses of CD4+ and B cells in splenocyte cultures. In both mouse strains IgG2a(c)/IgG1 ratios were comparable between sexes, but lower in BALB/c than in C57BL/6 mice indicating a shift in Th1/Th2 balance towards Th2 response in BALB/c ones. Consistently, splenocytes from BALB/c mice produced more IL-4 and less IFN-γ than those from C57BL/6 mice.
    SIGNIFICANCE: The study indicated that magnitude of humoral response to influenza type A haemagglutinins depends on mouse strain and sex, and thereby set background for the vaccination strategies taking into account biological sex, and in a longterm perspective individual differences in immune reactivity.
    Keywords:  Antibody response; Germinal center reaction; Influenza vaccine; Mouse genetic background; Sex differences
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.056
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