bims-librar Biomed News
on Biomedical librarianship
Issue of 2020‒07‒05
seventeen papers selected by
Thomas Krichel
Open Library Society
  1. The NICE UK geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid): Post-development study to further evaluate precision and number-needed-to-read when retrieving UK evidence.
  2. The EMTREE term "Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study" retrieved less than half of the diagnostic accuracy studies in EMBASE.
  3. Exploring Unsupervised Query Paraphrasing to Identify Relevant Search Phrases for a Literature Review.
  4. MedlinePlus at 21: A Website Devoted to Consumer Health Information.
  5. Biomedical named entity recognition and linking datasets: survey and our recent development.
  6. Information Seeking Behavior About Cancer and Associated Factors Among University Students, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
  7. Online health information seeking, medical care beliefs and timeliness of medical check-ups among African Americans.
  8. Cancer information seeking and scanning behavior among Nepalese migrants in Japan and its association with preventive behavior.
  9. Neurocognitive Correlates of Internet Search Skills for eHealth Fact and Symptom Information in a Young Adult Sample.
  10. Sources of health information among U.S. cancer survivors: results from the health information national trends survey (HINTS).
  11. Impact of Online Sources and Social Media on Plastic Surgery in China.
  12. Quality of Information in YouTube Videos on Erectile Dysfunction.
  13. Is the Quality of Toothache-Related Information Published in Brazilian Websites Adequate to Assist People in Seeking Dental Treatment?
  14. "How I whiten my teeth": YouTube™ as a patient information resource for teeth whitening.
  15. The readability of online patient information about laser resurfacing therapy.
  16. YouTube™ as a source of information on oral habits.
  17. YouTube as a Source of Information and Education on Hysterectomy.
  1. Res Synth Methods. 2020 Jul 02.
    The NICE UK geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid): Post-development study to further evaluate precision and number-needed-to-read when retrieving UK evidence.
    Lynda Ayiku, Paul Levay, Thomas Hudson, Amy Finnegan.
      BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) United Kingdom (UK) geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (OVID) retrieve evidence in literature searches for UK-focused research topics with high recall. Their precision and number-needed-to-read (NNR) was examined previously in case studies using a single review. This paper details a larger post-development study that was conducted to test the NICE UK filters' precision and NNR more extensively.METHODS: The filters' recall of included UK references from 100 reviews was calculated. As reproducible search strategies were not available for every review, the MEDLINE filter's precision and NNR were calculated using strategies from 25 reviews. Strategies from nine reviews were used for the Embase filter.
    RESULTS: The MEDLINE filter achieved an average of 96.4% recall for the included UK references from the 100 reviews and the Embase filter achieved an average of 97.4% recall. Compared to not using a filter, the MEDLINE filter achieved an average of 98.9% recall for the 25 reviews. Precision was increased by an average of 7.8 times, reducing the NNR from 357 to 46. The Embase filter achieved an average of 97.1% recall for the nine reviews. Precision was increased by an average of 5.1 times, reducing the NNR from 746 to 146.
    CONCLUSION: There is more evidence to demonstrate that the NICE UK filters retrieve the majority of UK evidence from MEDLINE and Embase while increasing precision and reducing NNR. The filters can save time spent on selecting evidence for UK-focused research topics.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1431
  2. J Clin Epidemiol. 2020 Jun 29. pii: S0895-4356(20)30132-3. [Epub ahead of print]
    The EMTREE term "Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study" retrieved less than half of the diagnostic accuracy studies in EMBASE.
    Pema Gurung, Sahile Makineli, René Spijker, Mariska M G Leeflang.
      OBJECTIVE: Embase is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of published literature, produced by Elsevier. In 2011, Embase introduced the Emtree term "Diagnostic test accuracy study", after discussion with the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) community of Cochrane. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of this Emtree term when used to retrieve diagnostic accuracy studies.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We first piloted a random selection of 1000 titles from Embase and then repeated the process with 1223 studies specifically limited to humans. Two researchers independently screened those for eligibility. From titles that were indicated as being relevant or potentially relevant by at least one assessor, the full texts were retrieved and screened. A third researcher retrieved the Emtree terms for each title and checked whether "Diagnostic Test Accuracy study" was one of the attached Emtree terms. The results of both exercises were then cross-classified and sensitivity and specificity of the Emtree term were estimated.
    RESULTS: Our pilot set consisted of 1000 studies, of which 20 were studies from which DTA data could be extracted (2.0%). Thirteen studies had the label DTA study, of which five were indeed DTA studies. The final set consisted of 1223 studies, of which 33 were DTA studies (2.7%). Twenty studies were labelled as DTA study, of which fourteen indeed were DTA. This resulted in a sensitivity of 42.4% (95% CI 25.5% to 60.8%) and a specificity of 99.5% (95% CI 98.9% to 99.8%).
    CONCLUSION: Although we planned to include a more focused set of studies in our second attempt, the percentage of DTA studies was similar in both attempts. The DTA label failed to retrieve most of the DTA studies and 30% of the studies labelled as being DTA study, were in fact not DTA studies. The Emtree term DTA study does not meet the requirements to be useful for retrieving diagnostic test accuracy studies accurately.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.030
  3. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2020 Jun 26. 272 429-432
    Exploring Unsupervised Query Paraphrasing to Identify Relevant Search Phrases for a Literature Review.
    Laura-Maria Peltonen, Miretta Tommila, Hans Moen.
      Literature databases have multifaceted search options, but emerging research areas do not have an established terminology and therefore it is difficult to find relevant literature when conducting a review. This study aimed to explore if an unsupervised paraphrasing approach is useful in identifying relevant search phrases for a literature review on an emerging research topic - situational leadership in critical care. Using an initial set of 12 search phrases, the system was used to propose additional phrases, which were manually classified and further used in an expanded PubMed database search. Finally, we assessed the papers found with the expanded search and compared this to the initial search results. As a result, the expanded search more than tripled the search results, from 182 to 673 papers. The expanded search also more than tripled the number of relevant papers, from 12 in the original search to 39 in the expanded search.
    Keywords:  Literature review; PubMed; health care leadership; search strategy; unsupervised paraphrasing; unsupervised query rewriting
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI200587
  4. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2020 Jun 25. 269 303-312
    MedlinePlus at 21: A Website Devoted to Consumer Health Information.
    Terry Ahmed.
      This report is about the consumer health website MedlinePlus.gov. The latter website was created by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and features content produced by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The report provides an overview, origin, content, and possible future evolution of the website. The report also spotlights the specific features of the MedlinePlus health topic on health literacy and discusses the PubMed Topic Specific Query on health literacy.
    Keywords:  Health literacy; MedlinePlus; National Institutes of Health; National Library of Medicine; consumer health
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI200045
  5. Brief Bioinform. 2020 Jun 30. pii: bbaa054. [Epub ahead of print]
    Biomedical named entity recognition and linking datasets: survey and our recent development.
    Ming-Siang Huang, Po-Ting Lai, Pei-Yen Lin, Yu-Ting You, Richard Tzong-Han Tsai, Wen-Lian Hsu.
      Natural language processing (NLP) is widely applied in biological domains to retrieve information from publications. Systems to address numerous applications exist, such as biomedical named entity recognition (BNER), named entity normalization (NEN) and protein-protein interaction extraction (PPIE). High-quality datasets can assist the development of robust and reliable systems; however, due to the endless applications and evolving techniques, the annotations of benchmark datasets may become outdated and inappropriate. In this study, we first review commonlyused BNER datasets and their potential annotation problems such as inconsistency and low portability. Then, we introduce a revised version of the JNLPBA dataset that solves potential problems in the original and use state-of-the-art named entity recognition systems to evaluate its portability to different kinds of biomedical literature, including protein-protein interaction and biology events. Lastly, we introduce an ensembled biomedical entity dataset (EBED) by extending the revised JNLPBA dataset with PubMed Central full-text paragraphs, figure captions and patent abstracts. This EBED is a multi-task dataset that covers annotations including gene, disease and chemical entities. In total, it contains 85000 entity mentions, 25000 entity mentions with database identifiers and 5000 attribute tags. To demonstrate the usage of the EBED, we review the BNER track from the AI CUP Biomedical Paper Analysis challenge. Availability: The revised JNLPBA dataset is available at https://iasl-btm.iis.sinica.edu.tw/BNER/Content/Re vised_JNLPBA.zip. The EBED dataset is available at https://iasl-btm.iis.sinica.edu.tw/BNER/Content/AICUP _EBED_dataset.rar. Contact: Email: thtsai@g.ncu.edu.tw, Tel. 886-3-4227151 ext. 35203, Fax: 886-3-422-2681 Email: hsu@iis.sinica.edu.tw, Tel. 886-2-2788-3799 ext. 2211, Fax: 886-2-2782-4814 Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Briefings in Bioinformatics online.
    Keywords:  biological information retrieval; biomedical dataset; biomedical natural language processing; named entity recognition
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa054
  6. Cancer Manag Res. 2020 ;12 4829-4839
    Information Seeking Behavior About Cancer and Associated Factors Among University Students, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
    Adugna Gedefaw, Tesfahun Melese Yilma, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu.
      Introduction: Cancer is among the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa over the last few years, putting a tremendous physical, emotional, and financial strain on individuals, families, and health systems. Many health systems in sub-Saharan Africa are least prepared to manage this burden, and a large number of individuals do not have access to quality cancer-related information to prevent and manage cancer. Understanding the information seeking behavior of individuals, especially university students who are more likely to seek health information than other people, can be seen as an opportunity to provide resources to improve lifestyle or prevent possible health-threatening behaviors of individuals.Objective: This study aimed to assess cancer information seeking behavior (CISB) and its associated factors among students in Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia.
    Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among students at Debre Tabor University from March 01 to March 30, 2019. A total of 844 students were selected using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire by trained data collectors. Data entry and analyses were performed using Epi info version 7.2 and SPSS version 20, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explore the socio-demographic information and cancer information seeking behavior. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with cancer information seeking.
    Results: The proportion of cancer information seeking by students in the past 12 months was 30.1%. Their preferred source of information about cancer was health-care providers (48%) followed by the Internet (27.6%). Year of study, Internet access (AOR=6.07, 95% CI= 4.05, 9.10), health literacy level (AOR=1.8, 95% CI=1.21, 2.68), self-reported health condition (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.25, 2.73), perceived susceptibility to cancer (AOR=2.48, 95% CI=1.47, 4.2), and perceived severity of cancer (AOR=3.33, 95% CI=1.85, 6.0) were the factors associated with cancer information seeking.
    Conclusion: The proportion of cancer information seeking among university students was low. Being 3rd- and 4th-year student, internet access, being healthy, adequate health literacy level, concerning about cancer, and higher perceived severity of cancer were significantly associated with cancer information seeking. Increase health literacy and awareness creation about cancer for students will help to seek cancer information.
    Keywords:  Ethiopia; cancer; information seeking behavior; university student
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S259849
  7. Patient Educ Couns. 2020 Jun 18. pii: S0738-3991(20)30324-4. [Epub ahead of print]
    Online health information seeking, medical care beliefs and timeliness of medical check-ups among African Americans.
    Ornella Hills, Dhavan Shah.
      OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship among different types of internet sources for health, medical check-up beliefs and the timeliness of annual medical check-ups among African Americans, accounting for both health TV usage and health service use.METHODS: Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted on data from 1734 African Americans surveyed in the 2013 Consumer Health Multimedia Audience Research Systems national pharmaceutical study of 19,420 U.S. adults.
    RESULTS: The results indicate a positive association between seeking health information on medical websites (β = 0.052, p = 0.04) and consumer-driven health sites (β = 0.066, p < 0.01), and the timeliness of check-ups among African Americans, an association not found in relation to mainstream or news-related sites. Health TV program use was not associated with timeliness of medical check-ups. Medical check-up belief is positively associated with seeking health info on consumer-driven health sites (β = 0.072, p < 0.01) but not on medical sites or on TV.
    CONCLUSION: Seeking information on health-specific websites was associated with more timely check-ups in African Americans and more positive preventative medical care belief, even after controlling for traditional barriers, such as poor provider relationship.
    PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Health specific websites may provide an avenue for intervention to improve preventative care use in African Americans.
    Keywords:  Disparities; Internet use; Medical check-ups; OSOR communication model; Online health information-seeking; Periodic exams; Preventative medical care; TV use for health; eHealth
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.06.006
  8. PLoS One. 2020 ;15(6): e0235275
    Cancer information seeking and scanning behavior among Nepalese migrants in Japan and its association with preventive behavior.
    Divya Bhandari, Akihiko Ozaki, Yurie Kobashi, Asaka Higuchi, Prakash Shakya, Tetsuya Tanimoto.
      BACKGROUND: Increasing attention is being paid to cancer information seeking (CISE) (active searching for cancer-related health information) and information scanning (CISC) (passive collection of cancer-related health information) among migrants. However, information is lacking with respect to the extent and distribution of CISE and CISC among migrants, particularly in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of both CISE and CISC, to clarify factors associated with CISE and CISC, and to elucidate the association of CISE and CISC with basic cancer knowledge and preventive behavior among Nepalese migrants living in Tokyo, Japan.METHODS: Nepalese migrants living in Tokyo were recruited from March to August 2019, with snowball sampling. We collected data on CISE, CISC, sociodemographic components, health-related factors, knowledge about risk factors for cancer, and cancer-prevention behavior using a structured questionnaire. We employed several regression approaches to fulfill our study objectives.
    RESULTS: Out of the total 200 participants, 53 (27%) were actively involved in CISE and 176 (88%) in CISC. Internet was the most common information source. High education level and Japanese language skills were positively associated with both CISE and CISC. Migrants with low perceived health status were more likely to perform CISC, while those who had been ill last year and who perceived proper access to doctors were more likely to undertake CISE. Migrants with high CISE (B = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.19) and high CISC (B = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.23) were more likely to have better knowledge on risk factors of cancer. Furthermore, migrants with high CISE were more likely to eat fruits (B = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.32), undergo pap smear test (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.12, 2.65), and colonoscopy (OR = 6.02, 95%CI: 1.63, 22.13).
    CONCLUSION: In this study, the proportion of Nepalese migrants who deliberately undertook CISE was low, while the practice of CISC was relatively common. Given that the CISE was associated with cancer-prevention behavior, proper strategies should be implemented to alleviate barriers for CISE and improve its impact on providing reliable evidence about cancer to migrants in Japan.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235275
  9. Percept Mot Skills. 2020 Jul 01. 31512520938178
    Neurocognitive Correlates of Internet Search Skills for eHealth Fact and Symptom Information in a Young Adult Sample.
    Victoria M Kordovski, Michelle A Babicz, Nathalie Ulrich, Steven Paul Woods.
      As the Covid 19 crisis has revealed, the internet is a first-line tool for learning critical health-related information. However, internet searches are a complex and dynamic process that can be fraught with subtleties and potential error. The mechanics of searching for and using electronic health (eHealth) information is ostensibly cognitively demanding; yet we know little about the role of neurocognitive abilities in this regard. Fifty-six young adults completed two naturalistic eHealth search tasks: fact-finding (eHealth Fact) and symptom-diagnosis (eHealth Search). Participants also completed neurocognitive tests of attention, psychomotor speed, learning/memory, and executive functions. Shorter eHealth symptom-diagnosis search time was related to better executive functions, while better eHealth symptom-diagnosis search accuracy was related to better episodic and prospective memory. In contrast, neither eHealth Fact search time nor its accuracy were related to any of the neurocognitive measures. Our findings suggest a differential relationship between neurocognitive abilities and eHealth search behaviors among young adults such that higher-order abilities may be implicated in eHealth searches requiring greater synthesis of information. Future work should examine the cognitive architecture of eHealth search in persons with neurocognitive disorders, as well as that of other aspects of eHealth search behaviors (e.g., search term generation, website reliability, and decision-making).
    Keywords:  activities of daily living; cognition; electronic health literacy; health literacy; information seeking; neuropsychological assessment
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512520938178
  10. AIMS Public Health. 2020 ;7(2): 363-379
    Sources of health information among U.S. cancer survivors: results from the health information national trends survey (HINTS).
    Inimfon Jackson, Ikponmwosa Osaghae, Nnenna Ananaba, Aniekeme Etuk, Nsikak Jackson, Onyema G Chido-Amajuoyi.
      Background: Health information is crucial for preservation of health and maintenance of healthy practices among cancer survivors. This study examines the sources and factors associated with choice of health information source among cancer survivors and those without a cancer history.Methods: We examined health information sources utilized by cancer history between 2011-2014 and 2017-2018 using the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Factors associated with seeking health information were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Data from HINTS 4, cycles 1-4 (2011-2014) and HINTS 5, cycles 1-2 (2017-2018) were combined and used for all analyses. HINTS-FDA, cycles 1-2 (2015-2017) were excluded from this study because the question about a cancer history was not asked.
    Results: Over half of cancer survivors (52.7%) and those without a cancer history (60.9%) obtained their health information through the media. Among cancer survivors, factors associated with health information seeking either through the media or interpersonal communication relative to not seeking information were age, gender, level of education, income, marital status and having a regular healthcare provider. Male survivors were 39% less likely to seek health information from the media (aOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38-0.99) while those with a regular health provider had significantly higher odds of seeking health information via interpersonal communication (aOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.09-3.38). In addition, widowed cancer survivors had lower odds of seeking health information from either interpersonal communication (aOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13-0.60) or the media (aOR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13-0.69). In the study population without a cancer history, compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics and non-Hispanic other categories were significantly less likely to seek health information from the media rather than not seek health information.
    Conclusion: Socioeconomic status, marital status, gender and age are important correlates of choice of health information source among cancer survivors in the US. These factors may be useful in guiding interventions aimed at various groups of cancer surviving populations to ensure that they improve their health seeking behaviors.
    Keywords:  cancer; cancer survivorship; health communication; health information source; health information-seeking
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2020031
  11. Aesthet Surg J. 2020 Jun 29. pii: sjaa159. [Epub ahead of print]
    Impact of Online Sources and Social Media on Plastic Surgery in China.
    Kexin Che, Qianwen Lyu, Guie Ma.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa159
  12. Sex Med. 2020 Jun 24. pii: S2050-1161(20)30072-6. [Epub ahead of print]
    Quality of Information in YouTube Videos on Erectile Dysfunction.
    Mikkel Fode, Alexander B Nolsøe, Frederik M Jacobsen, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Peter B Østergren, Christian Fuglesang S Jensen, Maarten Albersen, Paolo Capogrosso, Jens Sønksen, .
      INTRODUCTION: Many patients seek information online including on social media.AIM: To assess the quality of information regarding erectile dysfunction (ED) in YouTube videos.
    METHODS: We searched "erectile dysfunction" on YouTube in October 2019 and evaluated the first 100 videos in English sorted by relevance.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We recorded the user engagement, video producer, intended audience, and content. Videos containing medical information were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and the DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information. The PEMAT evaluates the understandability and actionability of materials as a percentage. The DISCERN assesses the quality of information by a scale from 1 (serious or extensive shortcomings) to 5 (minimal shortcomings).
    RESULTS: The median number of total views was 22,450 (range 591-20,255,133) and the median number of views/month was 654 (range 9-723,398). 42 percent of the videos were posted by professional medical institutions, and 21% were posted by individual medical professionals. Most videos were aimed at the general public or patients suffering from ED. The median PEMAT understandability and actionability scores were both 100% (range 50-100% and 33-100%, respectively). The median DISCERN score was 2 (range 1-5) with 80.4% receiving a score of ≤3. Overall, 28% of the videos contained direct misinformation. DISCERN scores were higher in videos produced by medical institutions (P = .0104), not selling specific products (P = .007) and not promoting alternative medicine (P = .0002). The number of subscribers was an independent predictor of views/month (P < .0001).
    CONCLUSION: Patients may be exposed to videos of poor quality when searching for information about ED on YouTube. The medical community needs to adapt a strategy to improve the quality of online medical information. Fode M, Nolsøe AB, Jacobsen FM, et al. Quality of Information in YouTube Videos on Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2020;XX:XXX-XXX.
    Keywords:  Communication; Erectile dysfunction; Information; Internet; Misinformation; Online; Social media; YouTube
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.05.007
  13. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2020 Apr 01. 18(2): 301-309
    Is the Quality of Toothache-Related Information Published in Brazilian Websites Adequate to Assist People in Seeking Dental Treatment?
    Matheus Lotto, Patricia Estefania Ayala Aguirre, Natalino Lourenço Neto, Agnes Fátima Cruvinel, Thiago Cruvinel.
      PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the readability and the quality of toothache-related information found in Brazilian websites.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five websites retrieved from Google Search, Baidu, Yahoo! and Bing were evaluated by two independent examiners using the DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the Flesch Reading Ease adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (FRE-BP). Additionally, the websites were categorised according to their information, adopting four criteria related to: (i) endodontic pain, (ii) toothache relief or treatment, (iii) the self-resolution of pain, and (iv) the promotion of home remedies usage. The statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, hierarchical clustering analysis by Ward's minimum variance method, Kruskal-Wallis test, post-hoc Dunn's test and Chisquare test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
    RESULTS: The overall means (± SD) of DISCERN and FRE-BP were, respectively, 31.02 (± 5.56) and 61.20 (± 11.79), without quality-based differences between the websites with health- and non-health-related authors, and distinct clusters.
    CONCLUSION: Therefore, the quality of toothache-related information found in this sample of Brazilian websites was classified as simple, accessible and of poor quality, which can hamper the personal decision-making process of seeking dental treatment, leading to damages caused by the non-effective self-management of toothache.
    Keywords:  consumer health information; eHealth; medical informatics; toothache
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a44142
  14. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Jul 01. 20(1): 183
    "How I whiten my teeth": YouTube™ as a patient information resource for teeth whitening.
    Huseyin Simsek, Suleyman Kutalmış Buyuk, Ebru Cetinkaya, Mubin Tural, Murside Seda Koseoglu.
      BACKGROUND: YouTube™ is the world's second most popular website after Google on the Internet. The aim of this study was to assess the quality and content of information YouTube™ videos for patients seeking information about teeth whitening.METHODS: The keyword 'teeth whitening' was searched on YouTube™. YouTube™ was filtered by the relevance, and the first 100 videos that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. The included videos were analyzed for views, duration, time since video upload, likes/dislikes, number of comments, source, material types (dental, natural, and other). Also, video purpose was analyzed under nine categories (definition, material preparation, the procedure of application, material comparison, before/after comparison, symptoms, post-op experience, commercial, educational). Each video was classified according to the quality of information content as 'good', 'moderate', or 'poor'. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Fischer's Exact test and Spearman correlation analyses were performed.
    RESULTS: Most videos were uploaded by laypersons (60.0%). The definition of teeth whitening was the most commonly covered topic (74.0%), followed by the procedure of application (54.0%), and post-op experience (36.0%). Only 12% of videos were classified as having good information quality content, 53% moderate, and 35% were rated as poor information content. Poor-information content videos had a significantly higher number of viewing rates than the other groups (P = 0.002), besides the duration was significantly higher in poor-information content videos (P =0.002). There was a significant relationship between the quality of video information and material types (P <0.001).
    CONCLUSIONS: YouTube™ should not be used as a thoroughly reliable and accurate source for patient information about teeth whitening. More informative and reliable content YouTube™ videos about teeth whitening should be uploaded by professionals.
    Keywords:  Dental bleaching; Internet; Social media; Video analysis; YouTube
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01172-w
  15. Dermatol Online J. 2020 Apr 15. pii: 13030/qt5t9882ct. [Epub ahead of print]26(4):
    The readability of online patient information about laser resurfacing therapy.
    Ajay N Sharma, Brent Martin, Melissa Shive, Christopher B Zachary.
      Because there are important distinctions between ablative and non-ablative laser resurfacing, accurate and effective patient education is paramount. However, as more patients use the internet as a resource for medical information, little is known about the content and readability of these sources. Thus, we sought to evaluate the readability of major online resources about laser resurfacing while recognizing the recommendations by the American Medical Association and National Institutes of Health. An internet search for the term "Laser Resurfacing" was performed. The first 9 results were identified, patient information from each of these 9 sites were downloaded, and a total of 25 articles were examined. Readability was analyzed using 7 different established tests. Analysis demonstrated an average grade level of at least 9th grade, with all articles exceeding the recommended 6th grade reading level, emphasizing that these resources are too challenging for many patients to read and comprehend. Such materials may hamper appropriate decision-making in patients considering the use of a laser for their dermatologic conditions. The potential detrimental effect on the opinion, participation, and satisfaction of laser resurfacing should spur dermatologists to be more critical of online patient materials and motivated to produce more appropriate resources.
  16. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2020 Apr-Jun;38(2):38(2): 115-118
    YouTube™ as a source of information on oral habits.
    Huseyin Simsek, Suleyman Kutalmis Buyuk, Ebru Cetinkaya.
      Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of oral habit videos on YouTube™.Materials and Methods: The four keywords "Oral Habits," "Thumb Sucking," "Tongue Thrust", and "Finger Sucking" relevant terms oral habits were searched on YouTube™. The videos sorted by view count were screened and evaluated. The following exclusion criteria were defined as; non-English videos, unrelated to a topic, poor audio-video quality, and duplication. A hundred videos were analyzed for general video characteristics (number of views, likes, dislikes, number of comments, and uploaded date) the purpose of the video, information content, audio-visual quality, and viewers' interaction index.
    Results: The top hundred videos have been viewed an average of 26,870.83 times. Most videos were uploaded by dentists (n = 29; 29.0%). Most of the videos (44.0%) were classified as having moderate general information content and 38.0% were rated as good, and 18.0% were rated as poor. Videos generally involved information about oral habits (82.0%), followed by personal experience (12.0%). The viewers' interaction index of all evaluated YouTube™ videos was 0.59. Good content videos had a significantly higher interaction index than the other groups (P = 0.011).
    Conclusions: YouTube™ videos about the oral habits are generally inadequate and patients must be recommended to view them with caution. High quality and more informative videos about oral habits in dentistry should be uploaded to YouTube™ by professionals.
    Keywords:  Oral habits; YouTube; social media; video analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_357_19
  17. J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Jun 29. 35(25): e196
    YouTube as a Source of Information and Education on Hysterectomy.
    Kyong No Lee, Ga Hyun Son, Sung Ho Park, Youngmi Kim, Sung Taek Park.
      BACKGROUND: Globally, YouTube is one of the most popular websites, and the content is not restricted to entertainment. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of information in YouTube videos pertaining to hysterectomy.METHODS: We explored YouTube using the search terms "hysterectomy" and "remove uterus." The videos that appeared were sorted using the filter "sort by view count." Of the initial 100 videos, the top 50 videos for each search term were included for review, as determined by the "relevance" filter based on YouTube's algorithm. After excluding 34 videos for various reasons, 66 were included in the final analysis. Each video rated as "useful" was further analyzed for reliability and completeness of information; a set of pre-determined criteria were modified from a previous study and used to grade the quality of videos.
    RESULTS: The top 66 videos on hysterectomy had a total of 4,679,118 views. Based on authorship, the videos were categorized as follows: videos uploaded by patients, 37%; academic videos, 35%; videos uploaded by physicians, 13%; commercial videos, 4%; and videos uploaded by non-physicians, 2%. The type of content was also categorized: 50% of the videos recorded personal experiences, 23% recorded surgical techniques, 21% involved explanations of the surgery, and 4% were commercial videos. The majority of the videos made by patients were negatively biased toward hysterectomy surgery (71.72%), while the majority of those made by academics or physicians were surgical educational videos for doctors, not patients.
    CONCLUSION: YouTube is currently not an appropriate source for patients to gain information on hysterectomy. Physicians should be aware of the limitations and provide up-to-date and peer-reviewed content on the website.
    Keywords:  Hysterectomy; Internet; Quality of Information; YouTube
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e196
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