bims-librar Biomed News
on Biomedical librarianship
Issue of 2024‒02‒04
nineteen papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society
  1. PubMed and beyond: biomedical literature search in the age of artificial intelligence.
  2. Search still matters: information retrieval in the era of generative AI.
  3. Comparison of Literature Mining Tools for Variant Classification: Through the Lens of Fifty RYR1 Variants.
  4. Ten Steps to Conduct a Systematic Review.
  5. Examining the Type, Quality, and Content of Web-Based Information for People With Chronic Pain Interested in Spinal Cord Stimulation: Social Listening Study.
  6. Does information about MIH on dental homepages in Germany offer high quality? A systematic search and analysis.
  7. Evaluating the Use of ChatGPT to Accurately Simplify Patient-centered Information about Breast Cancer Prevention and Screening.
  8. Examination of the reliability and readability of Chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer's (ChatGPT) responses to questions about orthodontics and the evolution of these responses in an updated version.
  9. Evaluating Quality, Credibility, and Readability of Online Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Information.
  10. Evaluation of YouTube Videos for Patient Education on Mohs Micrographic Surgery.
  11. Assessment of the Quality of YouTube Educational Videos on Laparoscopic Right Adrenalectomy and Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Surgeries.
  12. Assessing Laryngectomy Patient Education on YouTube: Investigating Quality and Reliability.
  13. Does YouTube Provide High-Quality Information for Patients Regarding Night Guards, Especially for Over-the-Counter Ones?
  14. Are YouTube videos about skull bone anatomy useful for students?
  15. Tips, Trends, and Truths: A Study of Psoriasis Treatment Content on TikTok.
  16. Content analysis of oral (mouth) cancer-related posts on Instagram.
  17. COVID-19 information seeking and individuals' protective behaviors: examining the role of information sources and information content.
  18. Health Literacy Analytics of Accessible Patient Resources in Cardiovascular Medicine: What are Patients Wanting to Know?
  19. Exploring Online Health Information Seeking Behaviour (OHISB) among young adults: A scoping review protocol.
  1. EBioMedicine. 2024 Feb 01. pii: S2352-3964(24)00023-9. [Epub ahead of print]100 104988
    PubMed and beyond: biomedical literature search in the age of artificial intelligence.
    Qiao Jin, Robert Leaman, Zhiyong Lu.
      Biomedical research yields vast information, much of which is only accessible through the literature. Consequently, literature search is crucial for healthcare and biomedicine. Recent improvements in artificial intelligence (AI) have expanded functionality beyond keywords, but they might be unfamiliar to clinicians and researchers. In response, we present an overview of over 30 literature search tools tailored to common biomedical use cases, aiming at helping readers efficiently fulfill their information needs. We first discuss recent improvements and continued challenges of the widely used PubMed. Then, we describe AI-based literature search tools catering to five specific information needs: 1. Evidence-based medicine. 2. Precision medicine and genomics. 3. Searching by meaning, including questions. 4. Finding related articles with literature recommendation. 5. Discovering hidden associations through literature mining. Finally, we discuss the impacts of recent developments of large language models such as ChatGPT on biomedical information seeking.
    Keywords:  Artificial intelligence; Biomedical literature search
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104988
  2. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2024 Jan 29. pii: ocae014. [Epub ahead of print]
    Search still matters: information retrieval in the era of generative AI.
    William Hersh.
      OBJECTIVE: Information retrieval (IR, also known as search) systems are ubiquitous in modern times. How does the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI), based on large language models (LLMs), fit into the IR process?PROCESS: This perspective explores the use of generative AI in the context of the motivations, considerations, and outcomes of the IR process with a focus on the academic use of such systems.
    CONCLUSIONS: There are many information needs, from simple to complex, that motivate use of IR. Users of such systems, particularly academics, have concerns for authoritativeness, timeliness, and contextualization of search. While LLMs may provide functionality that aids the IR process, the continued need for search systems, and research into their improvement, remains essential.
    Keywords:  ChatGPT; generative artificial intelligence; information storage and retrieval; large language models
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae014
  3. Genet Med. 2024 Jan 25. pii: S1098-3600(24)00016-9. [Epub ahead of print] 101083
    Comparison of Literature Mining Tools for Variant Classification: Through the Lens of Fifty RYR1 Variants.
    Zara Wermers, Seeley Yoo, Bailey Radenbaugh, Amber Douglass, Leslie G Biesecker, Jennifer J Johnston.
      PURPOSE: The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology have outlined a schema that allows for systematic classification of variant pathogenicity. While gnomAD is generally accepted as a reliable source of population frequency data and ClinGen has provided guidance on the utility of specific bioinformatic predictors, there is not a consensus source for identifying publications relevant to a variant. Multiple tools are available to aid in the identification of relevant variant literature including manually curated databases and literature search engines. We set out to determine the utility of four literature mining tools used for ascertainment to inform the discussion of the use of these tools.METHODS: Four literature mining tools including the Human Gene Mutation Database, Mastermind®, ClinVar, and LitVar 2.0 were used to identify relevant variant literature for 50 RYR1 variants. Sensitivity and precision were determined for each tool.
    RESULTS: Sensitivity among the four tools ranged from 0.332 to 0.687. Precision ranged from 0.389 to 0.906. No single tool retrieved all relevant publications.
    CONCLUSION: At the current time, the use of multiple tools is necessary to completely identify the literature relevant to curate a variant.
    Keywords:  ACMG guidelines; RYR1; biocuration; literature mining; variant classification
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gim.2024.101083
  4. Cureus. 2023 Dec;15(12): e51422
    Ten Steps to Conduct a Systematic Review.
    Ernesto Calderon Martinez, Jose R Flores Valdés, Jaqueline L Castillo, Jennifer V Castillo, Ronald M Blanco Montecino, Julio E Morin Jimenez, David Arriaga Escamilla, Edna Diarte.
      This article introduces a concise 10-step guide tailored for researchers engaged in systematic reviews within the field of medicine and health, aligning with the imperative for evidence-based healthcare. The guide underscores the importance of integrating research evidence, clinical proficiency, and patient preferences. It emphasizes the need for precision in formulating research questions, utilizing tools such as PICO(S)(Population Intervention Comparator Outcome), PEO (Population Exposure Outcome), SPICE (setting, perspective, intervention/exposure/interest, comparison, and evaluation), and SPIDER (expectation, client group, location, impact, professionals, service and evaluation), and advocates for the validation of research ideas through preliminary investigations. The guide prioritizes transparency by recommending the documentation and registration of protocols on various platforms. It highlights the significance of a well-organized literature search, encouraging the involvement of experts to ensure a high-quality search strategy. The critical stages of screening titles and abstracts are navigated using different tools, each characterized by its specific advantages. This diverse approach aims to enhance the effectiveness of the systematic review process. In conclusion, this 10-step guide provides a practical framework for the rigorous conduct of systematic reviews in the domain of medicine and health. It addresses the unique challenges inherent in this field, emphasizing the values of transparency, precision, and ongoing efforts to improve primary research practices. The guide aims to contribute to the establishment of a robust evidence base, facilitating informed decision-making in healthcare.
    Keywords:  guide; methodology; platforms; systematic review; tools
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51422
  5. J Med Internet Res. 2024 Jan 30. 26 e48599
    Examining the Type, Quality, and Content of Web-Based Information for People With Chronic Pain Interested in Spinal Cord Stimulation: Social Listening Study.
    Maarten Moens, Leen Van Doorslaer, Maxime Billot, Edgard Eeckman, Manuel Roulaud, Philippe Rigoard, Maaike Fobelets, Lisa Goudman.
      BACKGROUND: The increased availability of web-based medical information has encouraged patients with chronic pain to seek health care information from multiple sources, such as consultation with health care providers combined with web-based information. The type and quality of information that is available on the web is very heterogeneous, in terms of content, reliability, and trustworthiness. To date, no studies have evaluated what information is available about neuromodulation on the web for patients with chronic pain.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the type, quality, and content of web-based information regarding spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic pain that is freely available and targeted at health care consumers.
    METHODS: The social listening tool Awario was used to search Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc), Twitter (Twitter, Inc), YouTube (Google LLC), Instagram (Meta Platforms, Inc), blogs, and the web for suitable hits with "pain" and "neuromodulation" as keywords. Quality appraisal of the extracted information was performed using the DISCERN instrument. A thematic analysis through inductive coding was conducted.
    RESULTS: The initial search identified 2174 entries, of which 630 (28.98%) entries were eventually withheld, which could be categorized as web pages, including news and blogs (114/630, 18.1%); Reddit (Reddit, Inc) posts (32/630, 5.1%); Vimeo (Vimeo, Inc) hits (38/630, 6%); or YouTube (Google LLC) hits (446/630, 70.8%). Most posts originated in the United States (519/630, 82.4%). Regarding the content of information, 66.2% (383/579) of the entries discussed (fully discussed or partially discussed) how SCS works. In total, 55.6% (322/579) of the entries did not elaborate on the fact that there may be >1 potential treatment choice and 47.7% (276/579) did not discuss the influence of SCS on the overall quality of life. The inductive coding revealed 4 main themes. The first theme of pain and the burden of pain (1274/8886, 14.34% coding references) explained about pain, pain management, individual impact of pain, and patient experiences. The second theme included neuromodulation as a treatment approach (3258/8886, 36.66% coding references), incorporating the background on neuromodulation, patient-centered care, SCS therapy, and risks. Third, several device-related aspects (1722/8886, 19.38% coding references) were presented. As a final theme, patient benefits and testimonials of treatment with SCS (2632/8886, 29.62% coding references) were revealed with subthemes regarding patient benefits, eligibility, and testimonials and expectations.
    CONCLUSIONS: Health care consumers have access to web-based information about SCS, where details about the surgical procedures, the type of material, working mechanisms, risks, patient expectations, testimonials, and the potential benefits of this therapy are discussed. The reliability, trustworthiness, and correctness of web-based sources should be carefully considered before automatically relying on the content.
    Keywords:  chronic pain; neuromodulation; online information; patient care; social listening; web-based data
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/48599
  6. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2024 Feb 01.
    Does information about MIH on dental homepages in Germany offer high quality? A systematic search and analysis.
    A Geiken, L Banz, M Kock, F Schwendicke, C Graetz.
      PURPOSE: The internet is increasingly used to seek health information. A dental condition of increasing concern and public interest is molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), why we evaluated the information quality of German dentists 'websites on the topic of MIH.METHODS: A systematic search was performed by two independent investigators using three search engines. The information content of websites on MIH and technical, functional aspects, overall quality, and risk of bias were assessed using validated instruments (LIDA, DISCERN). Practice-related characteristics (practice type, specialization, setting, number and mean age of dentists) were recorded, and associations of these characteristics with websites' overall quality were explored using multivariable linear regression modelling.
    RESULTS: 70 sites were included. 52% were multipractices in urban areas (49%). The most common age group was middle-aged individuals (41-50 years). The average number of dentists/practice was 2.5. The majority met more than 50% of the DISCERN and LIDA criteria (90%, 91%). The MIH definition was frequently used (67%), MIH symptoms were described (64%), and 58% mentioned therapies. The prevalence of MIH was mentioned less frequently (48%). MIH example photographs were rarely shown (14%). In multivariable analysis, most practice-related factors were not significant for overall site quality. Only chain practices had slightly higher quality in this regard (2.2; 95% CI of 0.3-4.1).
    CONCLUSIONS: MIH is mentioned on a large proportion of dentists' websites. Overall technical, functional, and generic quality was high. Risk of bias is limited. While most websites provided a basic definition of MIH and its symptoms, important information for patients was missing.
    Keywords:  Dental website; Evidence-based dentistry; Internet; MIH
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-023-00857-4
  7. Radiol Imaging Cancer. 2024 Mar;6(2): e230086
    Evaluating the Use of ChatGPT to Accurately Simplify Patient-centered Information about Breast Cancer Prevention and Screening.
    Hana L Haver, Anuj K Gupta, Emily B Ambinder, Manisha Bahl, Eniola T Oluyemi, Jean Jeudy, Paul H Yi.
      Purpose To evaluate the use of ChatGPT as a tool to simplify answers to common questions about breast cancer prevention and screening. Materials and Methods In this retrospective, exploratory study, ChatGPT was requested to simplify responses to 25 questions about breast cancer to a sixth-grade reading level in March and August 2023. Simplified responses were evaluated for clinical appropriateness. All original and simplified responses were assessed for reading ease on the Flesch Reading Ease Index and for readability on five scales: Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Automated Readability Index, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (ie, SMOG) Index. Mean reading ease, readability, and word count were compared between original and simplified responses using paired t tests. McNemar test was used to compare the proportion of responses with adequate reading ease (score of 60 or greater) and readability (sixth-grade level). Results ChatGPT improved mean reading ease (original responses, 46 vs simplified responses, 70; P < .001) and readability (original, grade 13 vs simplified, grade 8.9; P < .001) and decreased word count (original, 193 vs simplified, 173; P < .001). Ninety-two percent (23 of 25) of simplified responses were considered clinically appropriate. All 25 (100%) simplified responses met criteria for adequate reading ease, compared with only two of 25 original responses (P < .001). Two of the 25 simplified responses (8%) met criteria for adequate readability. Conclusion ChatGPT simplified answers to common breast cancer screening and prevention questions by improving the readability by four grade levels, though the potential to produce incorrect information necessitates physician oversight when using this tool. Keywords: Mammography, Screening, Informatics, Breast, Education, Health Policy and Practice, Oncology, Technology Assessment Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
    Keywords:  Breast; Education; Health Policy and Practice; Informatics; Mammography; Oncology; Screening; Technology Assessment
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1148/rycan.230086
  8. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024 Feb 01. pii: S0889-5406(24)00007-6. [Epub ahead of print]
    Examination of the reliability and readability of Chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer's (ChatGPT) responses to questions about orthodontics and the evolution of these responses in an updated version.
    Delal Dara Kılınç, Duygu Mansız.
      INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the reliability and readability of Chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) responses to questions about orthodontics and the evolution of these responses in an updated version.METHODS: Frequently asked questions about orthodontics by laypeople on Web sites were determined using the Google Search Tool. These questions were asked to ChatGPT on March 23, May 24, April 20, and July 12, 2023, respectively. Responses were assessed for readability and reliability using the Flesch-Kincaid and DISCERN tests.
    RESULTS: The mean DISCERN value for general questions was 2.96 ± 0.05, 3.04 ± 0.06, 2.38 ± 0.27, and 2.82 ± 0.31 for treatment-related questions; the mean Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score for general questions was 29.28 ± 8.22, 25.12 ± 7.39, 47.67 ± 10.77, and 41.60 ± 9.54 for treatment-related questions; mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level for general questions was 14.52 ± 1.48 and 14.04 ± 1.25 and 11.90 ± 2.08 and 11.41 ± 1.88 for treatment-related questions; in first and second evaluations respectively (P = 0.001).
    CONCLUSIONS: In the second evaluation, the reliability of the answers given to general questions and treatment-related questions increased. However, in both evaluations, the reliability of the answers was found to be moderate according to the DISCERN tool. On the second evaluation, Flesch Reading Ease Scores for both general questions and treatment-related questions decreased, meaning that the readability of the new response texts became more difficult. Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level results were found at the college graduate level in the first and second evaluations for general questions and at the high school level in the first and second evaluations for treatment-related questions.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.11.012
  9. Laryngoscope. 2024 Jan 27.
    Evaluating Quality, Credibility, and Readability of Online Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Information.
    Veranca Shah, Christian X Lava, Amir A Hakimi, Michael Hoa.
      OBJECTIVE: With over-the-counter hearing aids being recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, the accuracy and usefulness of online information has not yet been examined. This study evaluates the quality, credibility, readability, and accessibility of online over-the-counter hearing aids education materials.METHODS: Google was queried using the search term "over-the-counter hearing aids". The top 50 results were categorized into healthcare versus non-healthcare authored resources. The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) tests were utilized to assess readability, whereas the Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose (CRAAP) test and DISCERN instruments were used to assess quality and credibility. The number of clicks taken to access relevant information on each website was used to assess accessibility.
    RESULTS: There was no significant difference in FRES or FKGL readability scores between healthcare and non-healthcare authored websites (p = 0.5548, p = 0.5981, respectively), but both readability scores were higher than that of the recommended reading level for patient education materials. There was no significant difference in CRAAP and DISCERN scores between both groups (p = 0.5746, p = 0.1699, respectively). The number of clicks did not significantly differ between healthcare and non-healthcare authored resources (p = 0.4932).
    CONCLUSION: This study highlights poor readability and accessibility of virtual healthcare information regarding OTC hearing aids. Although credibility in articles authored by healthcare and non-healthcare professionals was adequate, readability was greatly compromised due to the written information exceeding the recommended United States reading level. Accessibility posed a similar issue, as many sites required multiple clicks to access product information.
    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2024.
    Keywords:  accessibility; credibility; hearing aids; online patient education; otolaryngology; quality; readability
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.31278
  10. J Cutan Med Surg. 2024 Jan 28. 12034754241229067
    Evaluation of YouTube Videos for Patient Education on Mohs Micrographic Surgery.
    Naila Bouadi, Selena Osman, Samia Rahman, Michelle Le, Wayne Carey, Chaocheng Liu.
      
    Keywords:  Mohs micrographic surgery; YouTube; patient education
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/12034754241229067
  11. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2024 Jan 29.
    Assessment of the Quality of YouTube Educational Videos on Laparoscopic Right Adrenalectomy and Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Surgeries.
    Seyed Alireza Hashemi, Behnam Shakiba, Alireza Golshan, Saeed Esmaeil Soofian, Robab Maghsoudi.
      Introduction: Despite the considerable studies conducted on the quality of YouTube surgical videos as an educational resource in other surgical fields, there have been no such studies in the field of laparoscopic urology so far. Considering the great sensitivity in these procedures and the necessity of identifying the mistakes in these videos, we aimed to evaluate the quality of YouTube educational videos on laparoscopic right adrenalectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy surgeries. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 131 YouTube educational videos on laparoscopic right adrenalectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy surgeries were reviewed. Two researchers familiar with laparoscopic urological surgery reviewed the videos based on the LAP-VEGaS checklist. A third professor reviewed the videos on which there were disagreements. Results: In the majority of the videos, the title was chosen accordingly and the surgeon was introduced appropriately. Furthermore, in most of the videos, patient anonymity was respected. The mean score of the videos was equal to 74.3 ± 5.4, the maximum score being 17 and the minimum 1. The average score of the partial nephrectomy videos was obtained as 98.3 ± 5.74, whereas the average score for adrenalectomy videos was 47.3 ± 4.5. The overall average score of the studied videos was 74.3 ± 5.40. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that most of YouTube videos on laparoscopic right adrenalectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy surgeries are used for educational purpose. These YouTube videos are suboptimal in educational aspect and students should be advised to use them with caution.
    Keywords:  adrenalectomy; education; laparoscopy; nephrectomy; teaching
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2023.0433
  12. OTO Open. 2024 Jan-Mar;8(1):8(1): e113
    Assessing Laryngectomy Patient Education on YouTube: Investigating Quality and Reliability.
    Matthew E Lin, Oluwatobiloba Ayo-Ajibola, Carlos X Castellanos, Jonathan West, Neil Luu, Ian Kim, Niels C Kokot.
      Objective: This study aimed to characterize the quality of laryngectomy-related patient education on YouTube and understand factors impacting video content quality.Study Design: Cross-sectional cohort analysis.
    Setting: Laryngectomy-related videos on YouTube.
    Methods: YouTube was anonymously queried for various laryngectomy procedure search terms. Video quality was evaluated using the validated DISCERN instrument which assesses treatment-related information quality. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize our cohort. Univariate and multivariable linear regression were used to assess factors associated with increased DISCERN score. Significance was set at P < .05.
    Results: Our 78-video cohort exhibited moderate levels of engagement, averaging 13,028.40 views (SD = 24,246.93), 69.79 likes (SD = 163.75), and 5.27 comments (SD = 18.81). Videos were most frequently uploaded to accounts belonging to physicians (43.59%) or health care groups (41.03%) and showcased operations (52.56%) or physician-led education (20.51%). Otolaryngologists were featured in most videos (85.90%), and most videos originated outside the United States (67.95%). Laryngectomy videos demonstrated poor reliability (mean = 2.35, SD = 0.77), quality of treatment information (mean = 1.92, SD = 0.86), and overall video quality (mean = 1.97, SD = 1.12). In multivariable linear regression, operative videos were associated with lower video quality relative to nonoperative videos (β = -1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-2.03 to -1.24], P < .001); the opposite was true for videos from accounts with higher subscriber counts (β = 0.02, 95% CI = [0.01-0.03], P = .005).
    Conclusion: The quality and quantity of YouTube's laryngectomy educational content is limited. There is an acute need to increase the quantity and quality of online laryngectomy-related content to better support patients and caregivers as they cope with their diagnosis, prepare for, and recover from surgery.
    Keywords:  YouTube; head and neck cancer; laryngeal cancer; laryngectomy; quality; reliability; social media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/oto2.113
  13. J Craniofac Surg. 2024 Jan 29.
    Does YouTube Provide High-Quality Information for Patients Regarding Night Guards, Especially for Over-the-Counter Ones?
    Tuğba Haliloğlu Özkan, Ahmet Hüseyin Acar, Enes Özkan.
      The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the information on YouTube regarding night guards (NGs). YouTube was systematically searched using the keyword "night guards." Two independent reviewers examined the first 100 videos and exclusion criteria were applied. Descriptive characteristics of the remaining 60 videos were recorded. In addition, the purpose, target audience, and source of the included videos were collected. A 12-point content scale (CS) was used to evaluate video content, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS) was used to determine video quality. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, and the correlation between scores was evaluated using Spearman rho. Of the included videos, 50% were uploaded by dentists/health institutions, 26% by commercial sources and 24% by laypersons. The aim of 80% of the videos was to inform laypeople and 14% to inform professionals only. The content discussed the most (59.3%) was the production stages of NGs. The mean CS and GQS score of the videos were 2.06 ± 1.35 (poor) and 1.71 ± 0.88 (generally poor), respectively. A positive correlation was found between the CS and GQS scores (r = 0.447). YouTube videos were found to be poor in terms of both content and quality. Since NGs for treating bruxism will always be a trending topic for patients on social media, the content of YouTube videos should be checked and enriched by professionals so that patients can access accurate information, especially about NGs obtained over the counter.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000009973
  14. Clin Anat. 2024 Feb 03.
    Are YouTube videos about skull bone anatomy useful for students?
    Songul Cuglan, Selin Gas.
      The aim of this study was to evaluate the content, quality, and functionality of YouTube videos on the anatomy of skull bones and to measure their educational usefulness. In this cross-sectional study, the keywords "skull bones" and "skull anatomy" were searched in the YouTube search tab. Demographic data such as type, source, duration, upload date, and view rates of the videos were recorded. The quality and content of the videos were measured using the total content score (TCS), modified DISCERN scale, JAMA score, and Global Quality Scale (GQS). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty-five (34.7%) of the first 72 videos found by keyword searches were included in the study. According to the GQS criteria, six of them (24%) were considered useful and 19 (76%) not useful. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between the GQS and DISCERN scores (r = 0.813, p < 0.001). There were strong statistically significant positive correlations between TCS and GQS scores (r = 0.887, p < 0.001) and between TCS and modified DISCERN scores (r = 0.691, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a moderately strong statistically significant positive correlation between GQS and JAMA scores (r = 0.507, p < 0.05). There were also moderately strong statistically significant correlations between JAMA score and DISCERN score (r = 0.521, p < 0.001), video length (r = 0.416, p < 0.05), number of comments (r = 0.457, p < 0.05), and number of "likes" (r = 0.608, p < 0.001). There was a moderately strong statistically significant positive correlation between TCS and JAMA scores (r = 0.431, p < 0.05). Most YouTube videos have insufficient information about skull bones to meet the expectations of medical and dental school curricula. Anatomists and institutions should be encouraged to prepare and present YouTube videos using assessment systems such as DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, and TCS, in line with current anatomy curricula.
    Keywords:  YouTube; anatomy; curriculum; evaluation; internet; medical education; self-directed learning; social media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24138
  15. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024 Feb 01. 23(2): e67-e69
    Tips, Trends, and Truths: A Study of Psoriasis Treatment Content on TikTok.
    Sabrina Khan, Rasika Reddy, Nicole Maynard, Caterina Zagona-Prizio, Manan Mehta, Danielle Yee, Samiya Khan, April W Armstrong.
      INTRODUCTION: With more than two billion downloads since its launch, TikTok is the fastest-growing video-sharing platform in the world.&nbsp;Many people turn to TikTok for dermatologic medical information. However, there is limited data about psoriasis and psoriasis treatment&nbsp;content on this social media platform.OBJECTIVE: To compare the viewer engagement, content quality, and viewer experience of psoriasis treatment TikTok videos between&nbsp;physicians and non-physicians.
    METHODS: We searched the terms "psoriasis" and "psoriasis treatment" on TikTok. Video characteristics were collected. Content quality was evaluated using DISCERN. Viewer experience was assessed using the AVA.
    RESULTS: Viewer engagement did not significantly differ between physicians and non-physician content creators (0.033&nbsp;plus/minus 0.005 vs&nbsp;0.047&nbsp;plus/minus 0.001, P=0.066). Compared to non-physicians, physicians created videos of higher quality (DISCERN: 1.76&nbsp;plus/minus 0.058 vs 1.44&nbsp;plus/minus 0.032,&nbsp;P&lt;0.001) and of greater viewer experience (AVA: 2.55&nbsp;plus/minus 0.183 vs 1.96&nbsp;plus/minus 0.081, P=0.001). However, there is room for improvement in terms&nbsp;of creating videos of higher quality by both physicians and non-physicians.
    CONCLUSION: TikTok can be a powerful tool to promote health literacy and dispel misinformation. Dermatologists may consider focusing&nbsp;their efforts on creating comprehensive educational content and incorporating trending features to reach a wider audience. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(2): doi:10.36849/JDD.7050e.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.36849/JDD.7050
  16. Oral Dis. 2024 Feb 02.
    Content analysis of oral (mouth) cancer-related posts on Instagram.
    Omar Al Karadsheh, Alaa Atef, Dua'a Alqaisi, Siraj Zabadi, Yazan Hassona.
      OBJECTIVE: To examine the content of Instagram posts about oral cancer and assess its usefulness in promoting oral cancer awareness and early detection practices.METHODS: A systematic search of Instagram for posts about oral (mouth) cancer was conducted using the hashtags #oral cancer and #mouth cancer. Posts usefulness in promoting awareness and early detection was assessed using the early detection usefulness score, and caption readability was assessed using the Flesch Kincaid readability score.
    RESULTS: A total of 81,000 posts were identified, and 200 posts were thoroughly evaluated. Included posts gathered a total of 48,118 (mean = 420.59 likes) and 27,898 views. Most posts (81.5%) were educational to the lay person, and India and the UK were the major contributors. The most discussed topics were prevention and early detection (55%). Representative clinical images were present in 35.5% of posts. Only 9.5% of posts mentioned the source of information, and the mean usefulness score was only 2.1 out of 10. The mean reading ease score was 56.7 ± 43.8 (range from 1 to 98 out of 100).
    CONCLUSION: Instagram shows potential for promoting oral cancer awareness, particularly in prevention and early detection. However, concerns regarding content quality, scientific validity, and clarity persist.
    Keywords:  Instagram; awareness; cancer; knowledge; mouth; oral; public; social media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14886
  17. BMC Public Health. 2024 Jan 29. 24(1): 316
    COVID-19 information seeking and individuals' protective behaviors: examining the role of information sources and information content.
    Xuefeng Zhang, Lin Du, Yelin Huang, Xiao Luo, Fenglian Wang.
      BACKGROUND: Seeking COVID-19 information promotes individuals to adopt preventive behaviors, including wearing a mask, social distancing, staying away from risky places, and washing hands. This study aims to investigate which information and sources individuals relied on in seeking COVID-19 information and further examine their roles in individuals' adoption of preventive behaviors.METHODS: Through a statistical analysis of 1027 valid responses from citizens in different Chinese cities in 2022 to the self-designed items in an online survey, this study identified individuals' preferred information sources and content on COVID-19. Regarding the information sources and content, the study used multiple regression analysis to examine their associations with individuals' preventive behaviors, and further applied fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore their configurations that increase the likelihood of individuals adopting preventive behaviors.
    RESULTS: Individuals preferred information about the newest prevention and control policies, precautions and treatment, and symptoms from the sources of workplace and community, social media, and social live streaming services. Additionally, individuals' preventive behaviors were positively related to the workplace and community (β = 0.202, p <.001), social live streaming services (β = 0.089, p <.01), government department websites (β = 0.079, p <.05), television (β = 0.073, p <.05), and online news media (β = 0.069, p <.05), but were negatively associated with newspapers (β=-0.087, p <.05). Regarding information content, precautions and treatments (β = 0.211, p <.001), the newest prevention and control policies (β = 0.173, p <.001), symptoms (β = 0.152, p <.001), and official rumor-dispelling information (β = 0.082, p <.05) had a positive relationship with individuals' preventive behaviors. In addition, fsQCA results presented eight configurations that promote individuals to adopt preventive behaviors. The total coverage and solution consistency values were 0.869 and 0.987, respectively. Furthermore, COVID-19 information content, the sources of social media and interpersonal sources, and official news media played an essential role in increasing the likelihood of individuals adopting preventive behaviors.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that individuals seek various COVID-19 information from multiple sources. The direct and degree of association of information sources and content with individuals' preventive behaviors vary from source to source and from content to content. Information sources and content could combinatorially promote individuals to adopt preventive behaviors through several configurations.
    Keywords:  COVID-19; FsQCA; Individual preventive behaviors; Information content; Information sources; Multiple regression analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17770-0
  18. Kans J Med. 2023 ;16 309-315
    Health Literacy Analytics of Accessible Patient Resources in Cardiovascular Medicine: What are Patients Wanting to Know?
    Som P Singh, Aarya Ramprasad, Anh Luu, Rohma Zaidi, Zoya Siddiqui, Trung Pham.
      Introduction: There remains an increasing utilization of internet-based resources as a first line of medical knowledge. Among patients with cardiovascular disease, these resources often are relied upon for numerous diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. However, the reliability of this information is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive profile on the literacy quality, readability, and transparency of publicly available educational resources in cardiology.Methods: The frequently asked questions and associated online educational articles on common cardiovascular diagnostic and therapeutic interventions were investigated using publicly available data from the Google RankBrain machine learning algorithm after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Independent raters evaluated questions for Rothwell's Classification and readability calculations.
    Results: Collectively, 520 questions and articles were evaluated across 13 cardiac interventions, resulting in 3,120 readability scores. The sources of articles were most frequently from academic institutions followed by commercial sources. Most questions were classified as "Fact" at 76.0% (n = 395), and questions regarding "Technical Details" of each intervention were the most common subclassification at 56.3% (n = 293).
    Conclusions: Our data show that patients most often are using online search query programs to seek information regarding specific knowledge of each cardiovascular intervention rather than form an evaluation of the intervention. Additionally, these online patient educational resources continue to not meet grade-level reading recommendations.
    Keywords:  cardiac intervention; cardiology; health literacy; patient education; readability
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol16.20554
  19. BMJ Open. 2024 Jan 30. 14(1): e074894
    Exploring Online Health Information Seeking Behaviour (OHISB) among young adults: A scoping review protocol.
    Kristine Moksnes Bratland, Charlotte Wien, Torkjel M Sandanger.
      INTRODUCTION: In recent years, information technology and social media have experienced unprecedented growth, particularly in the Nordic countries. However, there is a noticeable lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the latest research findings on online health information seeking behaviour (OHISB) among young adults (18 to >30). There is a need to conduct an updated review to identify knowledge gaps in where young adults find health information and their user interface preferences and to provide research-based guidance and recommendations to governments, health organisations and social media platforms on how to facilitate this prominent pattern. The scoping review protocol outlines a study that will systematically map the existing literature on young adults' preferences for digital platforms and platform characteristics in relation to OHISB, enabling the identification of promising areas for further research and the development of more effective interventions to promote healthy and informed choices. Conducting a scoping review is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of young adults' OHISB and support the next generation of dissemination that promotes accurate and reliable digital health information.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The scoping review will use Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)) and employ the citation pearl method and the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type model to design the search strategy. To identify relevant literature, three databases will undergo a search: Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE. Additionally, a subsidiarily grey literature search will be conducted in Google Scholar. The data charting process will conform to the PRISMA-ScR standard and will be further structured with EndNote. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted data will be developed using EndNote and Excel.
    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Conducting a scoping review involves secondary data analysis of publicly available sources and does not require an ethical review. The protocol will be published to ensure transparency. The scoping review results will be disseminated through open-access peer-reviewed publications, national and international conferences, social media platforms, newspapers and YouTube to service users and stakeholders.
    Keywords:  Decision Making; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; Protocols & guidelines; SOCIAL MEDICINE
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074894
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