bims-maitce Biomed News
on MAIT cells
Issue of 2024–07–28
two papers selected by
Andy E. Hogan, Maynooth University
  1. Role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells dynamics in pathogenesis of Sjögren syndrome.
  2. Increased pathogenicity and pro-inflammatory capabilities of mucosal-associated invariant T cells involved in Oral Lichen Planus.
  1. Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 27. 14(1): 17256
    Role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells dynamics in pathogenesis of Sjögren syndrome.
    Jeanne Chauffier, Henri Berger de Gallardo, Mathieu F Chevalier, Aïcha Kante, Marion Lambert, Xavier Cabrol, Elisa Aldersons, Stéphane Mouly, Karine Champion, Blanca Amador-Borrero, Ruxandra Burlacu, William Bigot, Homa Adle-Biassete, Rachid Kaci, Aurélie Selvanadin, Martine Cohen-Solal, Amélie Coudert, Sophie Caillat-Zucman, Damien Sène, Cloé Comarmond.
      Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammatory infiltrates in the salivary and lacrimal glands. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like T-cells, predominantly found in mucosal tissues with crucial role in epithelial homeostasis. Thus, MAIT cells may be implicated in mucosal alterations of SS patients. Activation markers, inflammatory and cytotoxic cytokines were examined in 23 SS patients and compared to 23 healthy controls (HC). Tissular MAIT cells in salivary gland (SG) biopsies were also analyzed. Circulating MAIT cells were decreased in SS patients with a higher expression of CD69 and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio of MAIT cells. MAIT cells showed a higher production of IFNγ, TNFα and GzB in SS compare to HC. Tissular MAIT cells were present within inflamed SG of SS patients, while they were absent in SG of HC. Overall, circulating MAIT cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of SS albeit producing higher amounts of IFNγ, TNFα, and GzB. Tissular MAIT cells are detected in salivary glands from SS with a proinflammatory tissular cytokine environment. MAIT cells with abnormal phenotype, functions and tissular homeostasis may contribute to epithelial damage in SS.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67901-1
  2. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jul 22. 24(1): 829
    Increased pathogenicity and pro-inflammatory capabilities of mucosal-associated invariant T cells involved in Oral Lichen Planus.
    Siting Chen, Xiaoli Wu, Yinshen Yang, Xiaoheng Xu, Xiaoqin Xiong, Wenxia Meng.
       BACKGROUND: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells assume pivotal roles in numerous autoimmune inflammatory maladies. However, scant knowledge exists regarding their involvement in the pathological progression of oral lichen planus (OLP). The focus of our study was to explore whether MAIT cells were altered across distinct clinical types of OLP.
    METHODS: The frequency, phenotype, and partial functions of MAIT cells were performed by flow cytometry, using peripheral blood from 18 adults with non-erosive OLP and 22 adults with erosive OLP compared with 15 healthy adults. We also studied the changes in MAIT cells in 15 OLP patients receiving and 10 not receiving corticosteroids. Surface proteins including CD4, CD8, CD69, CD103, CD38, HLA-DR, Tim-3, Programmed Death Molecule-1 (PD-1), and related factors released by MAIT cells such as Granzyme B (GzB), interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, and IL-22 were detected.
    RESULTS: Within non-erosive OLP patients, MAIT cells manifested an activated phenotype, evident in an elevated frequency of CD69+ CD38+ MAIT cells (p < 0.01). Conversely, erosive OLP patients displayed an activation and depletion phenotype in MAIT cells, typified by elevated CD69 (p < 0.01), CD103 (p < 0.05), and PD-1 expression (p < 0.01). Additionally, MAIT cells exhibited heightened cytokine production, encompassing GzB, IFN-γ, and IL-17A in erosive OLP patients. Notably, the proportion of CD103+ MAIT cells (p < 0.05) and GzB secretion (p < 0.01) by MAIT cells diminished, while the proportion of CD8+ MAIT cells (p < 0.05) rose in OLP patients with corticosteroid therapy.
    CONCLUSIONS: MAIT cells exhibit increased pathogenicity and pro-inflammatory capabilities in OLP. Corticosteroid therapy influences the expression of certain phenotypes and functions of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood of OLP patients.
    Keywords:  Functional profile; Immunoregulatory activity; Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells); Oral lichen planus (OLP); Phenotypes
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04621-y
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