bims-plasge Biomed News
on Plastid genes
Issue of 2022‒10‒23
two papers selected by
Vera S. Bogdanova
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
  1. Pan-mitogenomics reveals the genetic basis of cytonuclear conflicts in citrus hybridization, domestication, and diversification.
  2. Genome-wide identification of biotin carboxyl carrier subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Brassica and their role in stress tolerance in oilseed Brassica napus.
  1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 25. 119(43): e2206076119
    Pan-mitogenomics reveals the genetic basis of cytonuclear conflicts in citrus hybridization, domestication, and diversification.
    Nan Wang, Chaochao Li, Lihua Kuang, Xiaomeng Wu, Kaidong Xie, Andan Zhu, Qiang Xu, Robert M Larkin, Yongfeng Zhou, Xiuxin Deng, Wenwu Guo.
      Although interactions between the cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes occurred during diversification of many plants, the evolutionary conflicts due to cytonuclear interactions are poorly understood in crop breeding. Here, we constructed a pan-mitogenome and identified chimeric open reading frames (ORFs) generated by extensive structural variations (SVs). Meanwhile, short reads from 184 accessions of citrus species were combined to construct three variation maps for the nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes. The population genomic data showed discordant topologies between the cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes because of differences in mutation rates and levels of heteroplasmy from paternal leakage. An analysis of species-specific SVs indicated that mitochondrial heteroplasmy was common and that chloroplast heteroplasmy was undetectable. Interestingly, we found a prominent divergence in the mitogenomes and the highest genetic load in the, which may provide the basis for cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and thus influence the reshuffling of the cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes during hybridization. Using cytoplasmic replacement experiments, we identified a type of species-specific CMS in mandarin related to two chimeric mitochondrial genes. Our analyses indicate that cytoplasmic genomes from mandarin have rarely been maintained in hybrids and that paternal leakage produced very low levels of mitochondrial heteroplasmy in mandarin. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) provided evidence for three nuclear genes that encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins contributing to the cytonuclear interactions in the Citrus genus. Our study demonstrates the occurrence of evolutionary conflicts between cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes in citrus and has important implications for genetics and breeding.
    Keywords:  citrus; cytonuclear; domestication; hybridization; population genomics
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2206076119
  2. BMC Genomics. 2022 Oct 17. 23(1): 707
    Genome-wide identification of biotin carboxyl carrier subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Brassica and their role in stress tolerance in oilseed Brassica napus.
    Swati Megha, Zhengping Wang, Nat N V Kav, Habibur Rahman.
      BACKGROUND: Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) is a subunit of Acetyl CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in a committed step during the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Lipids, lipid metabolites, lipid-metabolizing and -modifying enzymes are known to play a role in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this regard, an understanding of the Brassica napus BCCP genes will aid in the improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in canola.RESULTS: In this study, we identified 43 BCCP genes in five Brassica species based on published genome data. Among them, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica nigra, Brassica napus and Brassica juncea had six, seven, seven, 10 and 13 BCCP homologs, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis categorized them into five classes, each with unique conserved domains. The promoter regions of all BCCP genes contained stress-related cis-acting elements as determined by cis-element analysis. We identified four and three duplicated gene pairs (segmental) in B. napus and B. juncea respectively, indicating the role of segmental duplication in the expansion of this gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of orthologous gene pairs between Arabidopsis thaliana and five Brassica species were mostly less than 1.0, implying that purifying selection, i.e., selective removal of deleterious alleles, played a role during the evolution of Brassica genomes. Analysis of 10 BnaBCCP genes using qRT-PCR showed a different pattern of expression because of exposure of the plants to biotic stresses, such as clubroot and sclerotinia diseases, and abiotic stresses such as drought, low temperature and salinity stresses.
    CONCLUSIONS: The identification and functional analysis of the Brassica BCCPs demonstrated that some of these genes might play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Results from this study could lay the foundation for a better understanding of these genes for the improvement of Brassica crops for stress tolerance.
    Keywords:  BCCP; Brassica; Phylogeny; Plasmodiophora brassicae; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Stresses
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08920-y
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