bims-plasge 2024-12-29 papers

Issue of 2024–12–29
two papers selected by
Vera S. Bogdanova, ИЦиГ СО РАН

J Exp Bot. 2024 Dec 21. pii: erae518. [Epub ahead of print]

Rebalancing the seed proteome following deletion of vicilin-related genes in pea (Pisum sativum L.).

Tracey Rayner, Gerhard Saalbach, Martin Vickers, Pirita Paajanen, Carlo Martins, Roland H M Wouters, Catherine Chinoy, Francis Mulholland, Mark Bal, Peter Isaac, Petr Novak, Jiří Macas, Noel Ellis, Burkhard Steuernagel, Claire Domoney.

Null mutations for genes encoding a major seed storage protein in pea, vicilin, were sought through screening a fast-neutron mutant population. Deletion mutations at four or five vicilin loci, where all vicilin genes within each locus were deleted, were combined to address the question of how removal or reduction of a major storage protein and potential allergen might impact the final concentration of protein per unit mature seed weight, seed yield and viability. While the concentration of seed protein was not reduced in mature seeds of mutant lines, indicative of a re-balancing of the proteome, notable differences were apparent in the metabolite, proteomic and amino acid profiles of the seeds, as well as in some functional properties. Major effects of the deletions on the proteome were documented. The genomic regions which were deleted were defined by whole genome sequencing of the parental line, JI2822 and its quintuple vicilin null derivative, providing a comprehensive description of each vicilin locus and its genic arrangement. An annotated reference genome has been generated for JI2822, which will serve as a very valuable resource for the research community and support further study of the associated deletion mutant population.

Keywords: amino acid profile; genetic deletion; mutagenesis; pea genome sequence; pea seed; vicilin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae518

Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Dec 17. 46(12): 14226-14243

Genetic Assessment and Positioning of Algerian Barley Landraces with Respect to Landraces from the Middle East and Europe Using RAPD and SSR Markers.

Hamama Guetteche, Ali Jarrar, Sascha Wetters, Leila Rouabah, Abdelkader Rouabah, Abdelkader Benbelkacem, Ruzanna Sadoyan, Adnan Kanbar, Peter Nick.

Landraces are a critical genetic resource for resilience breeding, offering solutions to prepare agriculture for the challenges posed by climate change. Their efficient utilisation depends on understanding their history and genetic relationships. The current study investigates the phylogenetic relationships of barley landraces from Algeria, varieties from the Near and Middle East, traditional landraces, and modern cultivars from Europe. Using a core set of 33 varieties, including the wild ancestor Hordeum spontaneum from Armenia, genetic diversity was analysed with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers spanning all barley chromosomes. Based on the SSR-based phylogeny, the Algerian varieties are well clustered with those from the Near East, while distinct from the European varieties. The findings from RAPD markers partially support these results. Using exclusively traditional landraces, where a region of origin can be defined, the SSR markers are analysed separately for each chromosome individually, and the resulting clades are represented by the respective region of origin. This strategy resolves qualitative differences in geographic resolution, depending on the chromosome. While marker HvB23D (chromosome 4) separated the wild H. spontaneum from all domesticated genotypes, markers Bmag19 and Hv13GIII (chromosome 3) reveal four distinct geographic clusters (Maghreb, Near and Middle East, West Europe, Central Europe). These biogeographic patterns suggest a model, where divergence of domesticated barley due to human activity interacted with introgression of individual chromosomes from wild barley, yielding adaptive diversity. These biogeographic patterns suggest a model in which the divergence of domesticated barley, driven by human activity, interacts with the introgression of chromosomes from wild barley, resulting in the creation of adaptive genetic diversity. Our research advances our knowledge of barley landraces' functional genomics and highlights their potential in molecular breeding, particularly for developing resilient varieties suited to diverse environmental conditions.

Keywords: RAPD; SSR; barley; genetic diversity; landraces; molecular breeding; molecular markers; molecular phylogeny; multi-omics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46120852