bims-plasge 2025-07-20 papers

Issue of 2025–07–20
two papers selected by
Vera S. Bogdanova, ИЦиГ СО РАН

Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 01. pii: 2020. [Epub ahead of print]14(13):

Comparison of Physiological Characteristics of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Varieties Under Different Nutritional Conditions and Their Relationship with Meteorological Parameters.

Daiva Janusauskaite.

There is still a lack of knowledge about the photosynthetic activity of semi-leafless peas and the most important factors determining pea productivity during the growing season. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the photosynthetic parameters of three semi-leafless pea varieties in different nutritional backgrounds at different growth stages and to evaluate the relationship between photosynthetic indicators and pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed yield. The test involved three semi-leafless pea varieties, one of which was a new variety, and five NPK fertilization treatments were used, as follows: (1) without fertilizers-NPK 0:0:0, (2) without N fertilizers NPK 0:40:80, (3) NPK 30:40:80, (4) NPK 60:40:80, and (5) NPK 60:80:160. Photosynthetic indicators were assessed three times during the growing season. It was found that the physiological characteristics of peas differed significantly between cultivars and between growing seasons. The most intensive photosynthesis occurred in the middle of pea flowering and slowed down at the end of this stage. According to the photosynthetic characteristic's values (A, gs, Ci), the varieties were arranged in the following descending order: Ieva DS, Simona, Respect. The application of the highest NPK fertilizer rates in most cases resulted in the highest photosynthesis rate, which, compared to the control, increased by 22.8-72.3%. Meteorological conditions in most cases had a significant relationship with physiological indicators.

Keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence; chlorophyll index; gas exchange; semi-leafless pea; varieties

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14132020

iScience. 2025 Jul 18. 28(7): 112716

Sequencing of historical plastid genomes reveal exceptional genetic diversity in early domesticated rye plants.

Jovan Komluski, Sofia Filatova, Frank Schlütz, Benjamin Claaßen, Manfred Rösch, Ben Krause-Kyora, Wiebke Kirleis, Eva H Stukenbrock.

In medieval central Europe, rye was one of the most important agricultural crops. We combined archaeobotanical methods and ancient DNA sequencing of historical rye material to study patterns of genetic diversity across four centuries. We applied archaeobotanical methods to characterize rye material acquired from construction material ranging from the 14th to 18th centuries from different locations in Germany. Next, we extracted DNA to sequence complete chloroplast genomes of six individual samples and compared sequences of historical rye samples to chloroplast genomes of other cereal crops, including a modern rye cultivar. Comparing the aDNA chloroplast samples with modern and non-domesticated rye chloroplast, we show that genetic variation in the historical German rye population was considerably higher. The exceptional difference in levels of genetic variation likely reflects the consequences of late domestication and selective breeding on genetic variation in this important crop in the last few centuries.

Keywords: Plant biogeography; Plant evolution; Plant genetics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.112716