bims-polyam 2024-12-01 papers

Issue of 2024–12–01
six papers selected by
Sebastian J. Hofer, University of Graz

Nutrition. 2024 Oct 28. pii: S0899-9007(24)00257-0. [Epub ahead of print]130 112608

Dietary intake of polyamines in a Spanish adult population: Age-dependent correlation with Healthy Eating Index and Dietary Inflammatory Index scores.

Begoña Cantabrana, Pablo Peña-Iglesias, Paula Castro-Estrada, Lorena Suárez, Javier Bordallo, Eva Barreiro-Alonso, Manuel Sánchez.

OBJECTIVES: A healthy and balanced diet is crucial to maintaining optimal health. Understanding the benefits of different food components is essential. The polyamine spermidine is linked to age-related disease protection, but daily intakes and whether these vary with age are unknown. This study aimed to determine polyamine intake in a Mediterranean diet population and its association with participants' age and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores.
METHODS: A database was created with references concerning polyamine content in foods to determine the daily intake of foods frequently consumed by 203 participants (84 males and 119 females), ages 18 to 90 y, using a nutritional survey (VioScreen) that includes HEI and DII scores.
RESULTS: The participants' characteristics were as reported in the corresponding 2020 Spanish nutritional survey. Two-thirds demonstrated moderate to high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The mean HEI score was 74.45 (out of 100), and the mean DII was -1.94 (anti-inflammatory). The median intake of polyamines was 45.59 mg/d/person (mean, 46.89 mg/d/person, 410.57 µmol/d/person), without sex differences. After normalizing the intake per kilocalorie, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences among age groups for total polyamines ingested, putrescine, and spermidine. The intake of putrescine and spermidine was significantly higher in the 60 to 69 age group compared with the 24 to 59 and 18 to 23 age groups, respectively. HEI scores were positively correlated with polyamine intake, whereas DII scores were negatively correlated.
CONCLUSIONS: Polyamine intake was higher than reported in other populations, did not decrease based on age, and was associated with healthy eating and anti-inflammatory foods.

Keywords: Age; Diet; Dietary Inflammatory Index; Healthy Eating Index; Polyamine intake

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2024.112608

FASEB J. 2024 Dec 15. 38(23): e70222

The central role of creatine and polyamines in fetal growth restriction.

Eros Di Giorgio, Serena Xodo, Maria Orsaria, Laura Mariuzzi, Raffaella Picco, Vanessa Tolotto, Ylenia Cortolezzis, Francesca D'Este, Nicole Grandi, Lorenza Driul, Ambrogio Londero, Luigi E Xodo.

Placental insufficiency often correlates with fetal growth restriction (FGR), a condition that has both short- and long-term effects on the health of the newborn. In our study, we analyzed placental tissue from infants with FGR and from infants classified as small for gestational age (SGA) or appropriate for gestational age (AGA), performing comprehensive analyses that included transcriptomics and metabolomics. By examining villus tissue biopsies and 3D trophoblast organoids, we identified significant metabolic changes in placentas associated with FGR. These changes include adaptations to reduced oxygen levels and modifications in arginine metabolism, particularly within the polyamine and creatine phosphate synthesis pathways. Specifically, we found that placentas with FGR utilize arginine to produce phosphocreatine, a crucial energy reservoir for ATP production that is essential for maintaining trophoblast function. In addition, we found polyamine insufficiency in FGR placentas due to increased SAT1 expression. SAT1 facilitates the acetylation and subsequent elimination of spermine and spermidine from trophoblasts, resulting in a deficit of polyamines that cannot be compensated by arginine or polyamine supplementation alone, unless SAT1 expression is suppressed. Our study contributes significantly to the understanding of metabolic adaptations associated with placental dysfunction and provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic opportunities for the future.

Keywords: creatine metabolism; fetal growth restriction; metabolome; placenta biopsies; placenta organoids; polyamine metabolism; spermidine/spermidine N1‐acetyltransferase 1; transcriptome

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202401946R

Nat Commun. 2024 Nov 26. 15(1): 10257

Trapping of spermine, Kukoamine A, and polyamine toxin blockers in GluK2 kainate receptor channels.

Shanti Pal Gangwar, Maria V Yelshanskaya, Muhammed Aktolun, Laura Y Yen, Thomas P Newton, Kristian Strømgaard, Maria G Kurnikova, Alexander I Sobolevsky.

Kainate receptors (KARs) are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) channels, a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. KARs modulate neuronal circuits and plasticity during development and are implicated in neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and autism. Calcium-permeable KARs undergo ion channel block, but the therapeutic potential of channel blockers remains underdeveloped, mainly due to limited structural knowledge. Here, we present closed-state structures of GluK2 KAR homotetramers in complex with ion channel blockers NpTx-8, PhTx-74, Kukoamine A, and spermine. We find that blockers reside inside the GluK2 ion channel pore, intracellular to the closed M3 helix bundle-crossing gate, with their hydrophobic heads filling the central cavity and positively charged polyamine tails spanning the selectivity filter. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of our structures illuminate interactions responsible for different affinity and binding poses of the blockers. Our structures elucidate the trapping mechanism of KAR channel block and provide a template for designing new blockers that can selectively target calcium-permeable KARs in neuropathologies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54538-x

Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Nov 14. pii: 1391. [Epub ahead of print]13(11):

Human Supplementation with AM3, Spermidine, and Hesperidin Enhances Immune Function, Decreases Biological Age, and Improves Oxidative-Inflammatory State: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Judith Félix, Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro, Adriana Baca, Ana López-Ballesteros, María José Gómez-Sánchez, Mónica De la Fuente.

The positive effect of AM3, spermidine, and hesperidin, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on immunity is known, but their effect on the rate of aging, known as biological age (BA), is unclear. This work aims to test if the intake of a blend of AM3 (150 mg), spermidine (0.6 mg), and hesperidin (50 mg) for 2 months could decrease BA and improve immunity, redox, and inflammatory states. For this, 41 participants (30-63 years) were randomly divided into placebo and supplement groups. The supplement group took two capsules daily with AM3, spermidine, and hesperidin for two months, while the placebo group took capsules containing only calcium phosphate and talcum powder. Before and after the treatment, peripheral blood was collected. Immune function was assessed in leukocytes, redox state in whole-blood cells, erythrocytes, and plasma, and cytokine concentration in both mononuclear cell cultures and plasma. Finally, the Immunity Clock model was applied to determine BA. The results show that the intake of this blend improves the immune functions that constitute the Immunity Clock, decreasing BA by 11 years and reducing the oxidative-inflammatory state of the participants. Therefore, this supplement can be proposed as a strategy to rejuvenate BA and achieve healthy aging.

Keywords: AM3; biological age; hesperidin; immunity; inflammatory state; redox state; spermidine

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111391

J Integr Plant Biol. 2024 Nov 27.

Polyamines: The valuable bio-stimulants and endogenous signaling molecules for plant development and stress response.

Taibo Liu, Jing Qu, Yinyin Fang, Haishan Yang, Wenting Lai, Luyi Pan, Ji-Hong Liu.

Polyamines (PAs) are nitrogenous and polycationic compounds containing more than two amine residues. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that cellular PA homeostasis plays a key role in various developmental and physiological processes. The PA balance, which may be affected by many environmental factors, is finely maintained by the pathways of PA biosynthesis and degradation (catabolism). In this review, the advances in PA transport and distribution and their roles in plants were summarized and discussed. In addition, the interplay between PAs and phytohormones, NO, and H2O2 were detailed during plant growth, senescence, fruit repining, as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, it was elucidated how environmental signals such as light, temperature, and humidity modulate PA accumulation during plant development. Notably, PA has been shown to exert a potential role in shaping the domestication of rice. The present review comprehensively summarizes these latest advances, highlighting the importance of PAs as endogenous signaling molecules in plants, and as well proposes future perspectives on PA research.

Keywords: bio‐stimulants; phytohormones; plant development; polyamines; signaling molecules; stress tolerance

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13796