bims-traimu 2023-04-09 papers

Issue of 2023‒04‒09
three papers selected by
Yantong Wan
Southern Medical University

Eur J Immunol. 2023 Apr 05. e2250268

Trained immunity from the perspective of Plasmodium Infection.

Jiajie Li, Lin Liu, Dianhui Chen, Weiguo Yin, Jun Huang.

The immune system of vertebrates includes innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and the network between them enables the host to fight against invasions of various pathogens. Recently, studies discovered that immune memory is one of the features of innate immunity, breaking the previous opinion that immune memory exists only in adaptive immunity. Immune memory supports innate immune cells to respond efficiently upon reinfection or restimulation. During the Plasmodium infection, the innate immune system is the first to be triggered, and innate immune cells are activated by components from Plasmodium or Plasmodium-infected red blood cells. Innate immune cells could be induced to develop memory after the activation and may play an important role in the subsequent infection of Plasmodium or other pathogens and stimulation. This review will discuss the recent findings relevant to trained immunity and Plasmodium infection, facilitating the understanding of the role of trained immunity in malaria and other diseases and the development of therapeutic strategies based on trained immunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Keywords: immune memory; innate immunity; malaria; plasmodium; trained immunity

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.202250268

Nat Immunol. 2023 Apr 03.

Macrophage function in adipose tissue homeostasis and metabolic inflammation.

Triantafyllos Chavakis, Vasileia Ismini Alexaki, Anthony W Ferrante.

Obesity-related metabolic organ inflammation contributes to cardiometabolic disorders. In obese individuals, changes in lipid fluxes and storage elicit immune responses in the adipose tissue (AT), including expansion of immune cell populations and qualitative changes in the function of these cells. Although traditional models of metabolic inflammation posit that these immune responses disturb metabolic organ function, studies now suggest that immune cells, especially AT macrophages (ATMs), also have important adaptive functions in lipid homeostasis in states in which the metabolic function of adipocytes is taxed. Adverse consequences of AT metabolic inflammation might result from failure to maintain local lipid homeostasis and long-term effects on immune cells beyond the AT. Here we review the complex function of ATMs in AT homeostasis and metabolic inflammation. Additionally, we hypothesize that trained immunity, which involves long-term functional adaptations of myeloid cells and their bone marrow progenitors, can provide a model by which metabolic perturbations trigger chronic systemic inflammation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-023-01479-0